Emphysema is a chronic lung condition that impacts millions, making everyday activities, including travel, a consideration. While flying with emphysema presents unique challenges due to changes in cabin environment, careful preparation and medical consultation frequently make it a possible endeavor. This article provides an overview of considerations for those with emphysema planning to travel by air.
How Flying Affects Breathing
Commercial aircraft cabins are pressurized, but not to sea-level atmospheric pressure. They typically simulate an altitude of 6,000 to 8,000 feet above sea level. At these simulated altitudes, the partial pressure of oxygen in the cabin air is lower than at ground level. This reduction in available oxygen can decrease a passenger’s blood oxygen saturation. For individuals with emphysema, whose lungs may already have difficulty efficiently transferring oxygen, this reduced oxygen availability can exacerbate symptoms like shortness of breath, fatigue, and increased strain on the heart and lungs.
Consulting Your Doctor Before Travel
Before planning any air travel, individuals with emphysema should consult their pulmonologist or primary care physician. This consultation should occur several weeks to a few months prior to the planned trip, allowing for necessary assessments or adjustments to treatment. Your doctor will evaluate your current lung function and overall health status to determine your fitness to fly. This assessment may include reviewing recent spirometry results or performing specific tests designed to simulate flight conditions.
One such test is the high-altitude simulation test (HAST), which involves breathing a reduced oxygen mixture while oxygen saturation is monitored. Another common assessment is the 6-minute walk test, which evaluates how far you can walk in six minutes, indicating your exercise tolerance and oxygen needs. Based on these evaluations, your doctor can advise if supplemental oxygen will be necessary during the flight and provide a medical certificate, which airlines often require. Discussing your current symptoms, medication regimen, and any recent exacerbations of your condition is also important.
Arranging Your Trip
Once medical clearance is obtained, coordinating with the airline becomes a significant step. Airlines have specific policies regarding passengers traveling with medical conditions, particularly concerning supplemental oxygen. You must inform the airline in advance if you plan to bring your own portable oxygen concentrator (POC), as it must be FAA-approved and meet their specific requirements. Some airlines may provide oxygen, but this typically requires prior arrangement and can incur additional costs.
It is advisable to carry a copy of your doctor’s medical certificate, stating your fitness to fly and oxygen requirements, along with all essential medications in your carry-on luggage. Pack enough medication for the entire trip, plus a few extra days, to account for unexpected delays. Choosing an aisle seat can facilitate easier movement and access to lavatories during the flight. Selecting direct flights can minimize physical stress and potential complications associated with layovers and connecting flights.
What to Do During Your Flight
During your flight, several measures can help manage your condition and promote comfort. Staying well-hydrated by drinking plenty of water is important, as cabin air can be quite dry. Avoid consuming excessive amounts of caffeine or alcohol, as these can contribute to dehydration. Performing simple leg and ankle exercises periodically, such as ankle circles or pointing and flexing your feet, can help promote circulation and prevent blood clots.
If your doctor has prescribed supplemental oxygen for the flight, ensure you use it as directed. Avoid heavy meals before and during the flight, opting instead for lighter, easily digestible foods. Pay attention to your body’s signals and recognize any signs of distress, such as increased shortness of breath, chest pain, or dizziness. If you experience worsening symptoms, immediately alert a flight attendant, who can assist you or summon medical help if needed.