Dizziness, a sensation of unsteadiness, lightheadedness, or feeling off-balance, including vertigo (a spinning sensation), is a recognized symptom of COVID-19 infection.
Dizziness as a COVID-19 Indicator
Dizziness is a recognized symptom of COVID-19, appearing in various forms from mild lightheadedness to vertigo. While not always listed among the most common symptoms like fever or cough, studies show that 12% to 20% of individuals with COVID-19 report experiencing dizziness. Dizziness may be an early sign of infection, sometimes appearing before typical respiratory symptoms. It can occur during the acute phase of the illness and may persist for weeks or months.
Understanding the Causes of COVID-Related Dizziness
Several mechanisms contribute to dizziness during or after a COVID-19 infection. The virus can directly affect the central nervous system, leading to neurological symptoms. Research indicates that SARS-CoV-2 may inflame and damage the inner ear’s vestibular system, crucial for balance. Viral infections can also cause vestibular neuritis, an inflammation of the nerve connecting the inner ear to the brain.
Beyond direct viral effects, indirect factors can also induce dizziness. Dehydration, often from fever, vomiting, or diarrhea, can cause lightheadedness. Fever itself can contribute to unsteadiness. Orthostatic hypotension, a sudden drop in blood pressure upon standing, also leads to dizziness. Certain medications for COVID-19 may also have dizziness as a side effect.
Dizziness can also be a persistent symptom of post-COVID conditions, often referred to as Long COVID. It might be linked to conditions like postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS), where heart rate increases significantly upon standing, causing lightheadedness. Ongoing neuroinflammation is also being investigated as a potential contributor to prolonged dizziness and cognitive issues.
Recognizing Other Symptoms and Seeking Medical Advice
Dizziness with COVID-19 frequently occurs alongside other common symptoms. These can include fever or chills, cough, fatigue, and muscle aches. Many individuals also report a new loss of taste or smell, headache, sore throat, or runny nose. Digestive issues such as nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea are also possible.
Seek medical attention if dizziness is severe or accompanied by concerning symptoms. Immediate emergency care is warranted for trouble breathing, persistent chest pain or pressure, or new confusion. Other emergency warning signs include an inability to wake or stay awake, or pale, gray, or bluish skin, lips, or nail beds. If you have symptoms that worry you, contact a healthcare professional for advice.
Coping with Dizziness at Home
Managing dizziness at home involves several practical steps to enhance comfort and safety. Resting and avoiding sudden movements are important, as abrupt changes in position can worsen unsteadiness. Staying well-hydrated by drinking plenty of fluids, especially water, can help alleviate dizziness, particularly if it stems from dehydration.
Avoid substances that might aggravate dizziness, such as excessive caffeine, alcohol, and nicotine. Eating light, regular meals can help maintain stable blood sugar levels. Create a safe home environment by removing tripping hazards and ensuring good lighting to prevent falls. If dizziness interferes with daily activities, avoid driving or operating heavy machinery until symptoms resolve.