A nasogastric tube, often called an NG tube, is a medical device used for temporary purposes. It is a thin, flexible tube made of plastic that medical professionals insert for various reasons. These tubes are common in healthcare settings, providing a way to manage patient needs when oral intake is not suitable.
What is an NG Tube and Why is it Used?
A nasogastric tube is gently guided by healthcare providers through a patient’s nostril, down the throat, through the esophagus, and into the stomach. This medical device serves several functions, primarily to either deliver substances to the stomach or to remove contents from it.
NG tubes administer nutrition and medication directly into the stomach, especially for individuals who have difficulty swallowing, are unconscious, or cannot consume enough by mouth to meet their nutritional needs. Conditions such as head and neck cancers, neurological issues, or severe malnutrition can necessitate this method of feeding. They also remove stomach contents (gastric suctioning) to relieve pressure, such as in cases of bowel obstruction, or to remove toxic substances like poisons. The tube can also be used to add contrast for X-rays or to protect the bowel after surgery.
Understanding the Sensation
Patients with an NG tube can feel its presence in their throat. This sensation often manifests as a foreign body feeling, mild irritation, or persistent pressure. Some individuals describe it as if something is “stuck” in the back of their throat. This discomfort stems from the tube’s continuous contact with the sensitive mucous membranes lining the nasal passages and throat.
While the insertion process itself can be uncomfortable and may cause gagging or coughing, the sensation often subsides to a background awareness once the tube is properly in place. The throat may become sore, with an increased urge to swallow that can worsen soreness if excessive. Dry mouth may also occur from increased mouth breathing, as the tube partially blocks the nose. Over time, some patients adapt to the presence of the tube, and the initial intense discomfort may lessen.
Strategies for Comfort
To alleviate the common discomfort associated with an NG tube, several strategies can help. Maintaining good oral hygiene, including regular mouth rinsing with water or mouthwash, combats dryness and reduces irritation. If permitted, sipping water or sucking on ice chips can help keep mucous membranes moist and provide some relief.
Proper securement of the tube to the nose and cheek prevents excessive movement, which can cause friction and irritation. Healthcare providers may apply water-soluble lubricants, such as lidocaine gel, to the tube before insertion to reduce discomfort. Throat lozenges with benzocaine or menthol can offer topical relief for soreness. Patients should communicate any persistent discomfort to their healthcare team, as adjustments to the tube or pain relief medications, if suitable, may be considered.
When to Seek Medical Advice
Recognize when symptoms associated with an NG tube warrant immediate medical attention. Seek advice if there is severe pain, difficulty breathing, or persistent coughing or choking during or after insertion or feeding. Signs like blood in the tube, stomach contents, or stool, or new bleeding from the nose or mouth, also require prompt evaluation.
Other concerning symptoms include a swollen or hard belly, infection signs around the insertion site (redness, swelling, drainage), or a fever. If the tube appears dislodged, coiled in the throat, or out of position (e.g., marked length changed), contact medical professionals immediately. These symptoms indicate potential complications requiring professional assessment and intervention.