Many wonder if a growth in their throat, like a parathyroid tumor, can be felt. Understanding these glands and their tumors clarifies this common question. Professional medical evaluation is the most reliable method for addressing neck or endocrine concerns.
What are Parathyroid Glands and Tumors?
The parathyroid glands are four small glands in the neck, behind the thyroid gland. Each is about the size of a grain of rice or a pea. They regulate calcium levels by producing parathyroid hormone (PTH).
PTH maintains calcium and phosphorus balance in the body. A parathyroid tumor, usually an adenoma, is a benign growth in one or more glands. This tumor causes the gland to overproduce PTH, leading to high blood calcium, known as hyperparathyroidism.
Physical Sensation and Palpability
Parathyroid glands and their tumors are not palpable. This is due to their small size and deep anatomical position in the neck. They are nestled behind the thyroid gland, surrounded by muscles, fat, and connective tissues, making them inaccessible to external touch.
Even with a tumor, a parathyroid gland remains small, usually only a few centimeters. While very large tumors are rare, they are not commonly felt. Such tumors are often found incidentally during imaging for other reasons. Self-palpation is not a reliable detection method.
Symptoms Beyond Neck Sensation
Parathyroid tumors cause symptoms through the systemic effects of high blood calcium, not direct neck sensation. Excess parathyroid hormone from the tumor draws calcium from bones and increases absorption from food, leading to hypercalcemia. This high calcium affects various bodily systems.
Symptoms are often subtle, non-specific, and develop gradually. These include persistent fatigue, weakness, and aching bones or joints. Digestive issues like constipation, increased thirst, and frequent urination are common. Cognitive symptoms such as memory problems, difficulty concentrating, and mood disturbances like depression can also occur.
Diagnosis and When to Seek Medical Attention
Diagnosis of a parathyroid tumor relies on blood tests measuring calcium and parathyroid hormone (PTH). Consistently high levels of both indicate primary hyperparathyroidism, usually caused by a parathyroid adenoma. After blood tests confirm the imbalance, imaging studies locate the affected gland(s).
Common imaging includes neck ultrasound and Sestamibi scan to pinpoint overactive parathyroid tissue. If you have persistent symptoms like unexplained fatigue, bone pain, kidney stones, or mood/cognitive changes, consult a healthcare professional. Medical evaluation is the only way to accurately diagnose a parathyroid condition and determine the appropriate course of action.