An epidural steroid injection is a medical procedure to alleviate pain by reducing inflammation in nerve roots within the spine. This injection delivers anti-inflammatory medication, typically a steroid, directly into the epidural space, an area surrounding the spinal cord. Patients often seek this treatment for conditions like sciatica, herniated discs, or spinal stenosis, which can cause pain radiating from the back to the limbs. Adhering to eating and drinking guidelines is important for the procedure’s safety and effectiveness.
Guidelines for Eating and Drinking
Specific instructions regarding food and drink before an epidural steroid injection are tailored to individual patient needs and the type of sedation used. Generally, patients are advised to avoid solid foods for at least six to eight hours prior to the procedure.
For clear liquids, the restriction period is typically shorter, often two to four hours before the injection. Clear liquids include plain water, clear broth, apple or white grape juice without pulp, black coffee or tea without milk, cream, or non-dairy creamer, clear carbonated drinks, and sports drinks.
Patients should discuss all medications with their healthcare provider beforehand. Essential medications can often be taken with a small sip of water during the fasting period, but this must be confirmed by the medical team. Anti-inflammatory medications and blood thinners usually require specific instructions for discontinuation several days before the procedure due to their effects on blood clotting.
Why Fasting is Essential
Fasting before an epidural steroid injection minimizes the risk of aspiration, which is when stomach contents are inhaled into the lungs. This risk is particularly relevant if sedation is administered. Sedation can relax the body’s protective reflexes, such as coughing and swallowing, making it more difficult to prevent stomach contents from entering the airway.
An empty stomach reduces the amount of material available to be aspirated, lowering the chance of complications. Aspiration can lead to serious issues such as lung infection (aspiration pneumonia), reduced oxygen levels (hypoxia), or severe lung damage (acute respiratory distress syndrome). Even when only local anesthesia is used, an empty stomach is advised as anxiety or discomfort can sometimes induce nausea or vomiting.
Consequences of Not Following Guidelines
Failing to adhere to pre-procedure eating and drinking guidelines carries significant consequences, primarily related to patient safety. The most common outcome is the cancellation or postponement of the epidural steroid injection. This decision prevents potential life-threatening complications, such as aspiration, if the stomach is not empty during the procedure.
It is important for patients to be completely honest with their healthcare providers about their food and liquid intake before the scheduled time. If a patient accidentally eats or drinks within the restricted window, informing the medical staff immediately allows them to assess the situation and determine the safest course of action.