A mammogram is a specialized X-ray used to detect early signs of breast changes, often before they can be felt. This non-invasive procedure plays a significant role in breast health management. Certain preparation steps are necessary to ensure the quality of the resulting images and the most accurate interpretation. Following these guidelines helps facilitate a smooth process and reduces the chances of needing a follow-up scan.
Guidelines for Eating and Drinking
A mammogram does not require fasting or dietary restrictions. Patients should maintain their usual eating and drinking routine on the day of the exam, including taking any prescribed daily medications as scheduled, as these will not interfere with the imaging process or the results.
Some people choose to limit caffeine intake in the days leading up to the procedure. Caffeine, found in products like coffee, tea, and chocolate, can sometimes increase breast tenderness. While this does not affect image quality, reducing caffeine may help minimize discomfort caused by breast compression during the exam. If discomfort is anticipated, taking an over-the-counter pain reliever, such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen, about an hour before the appointment is recommended.
Essential Restrictions on Skin Products
The most important preparation step is avoiding certain skin products on the breast and underarm areas. Patients must not apply deodorants, antiperspirants, powders, lotions, creams, or perfumes before their mammogram. These products often contain metallic ingredients, with aluminum being a common element in many deodorants and antiperspirants.
The metallic particles within these substances are dense and absorb the X-rays used during the exam. This absorption causes the particles to appear as tiny, bright white spots on the resulting mammogram image. These white spots can mimic the appearance of microcalcifications, which are small calcium deposits in the breast tissue that a radiologist carefully examines as they can sometimes be an early sign of cancer. When skin products create these artifacts, it can lead to a false positive result, potentially requiring the patient to return for additional imaging or testing. If a product has been applied, facilities usually provide wipes to thoroughly clean the area before the examination begins.
Clothing and Logistical Preparation
Wearing a two-piece outfit, such as a top with pants or a skirt, improves the efficiency and comfort of the appointment. Only the clothing above the waist needs to be removed for the procedure. The facility will provide a gown or wrap for modesty while the top and bra are removed.
Logistical preparation involves gathering the necessary documentation to ensure a smooth check-in process. Patients should bring their photo identification, insurance information, and a prescription or doctor’s order if required by the facility.
If previous mammograms were performed at a different location, it is beneficial to bring copies of those films or reports, or arrange for them to be sent ahead of time. Comparing the new images with prior ones allows the radiologist to detect subtle changes over time, which is a fundamental aspect of effective screening. Finally, some individuals find it helpful to schedule their mammogram during the time of the month when their breasts are least likely to be tender, typically one to two weeks after the start of their menstrual period.