Eye drops are liquid solutions formulated for application to the eye’s surface. They serve various purposes, from soothing irritation and lubricating dry eyes to treating infections and managing chronic eye conditions like glaucoma. These formulations deliver active ingredients directly to the eye.
Why Ingesting Eye Drops Is Unsafe
Eye drops are formulated for topical eye application, not internal consumption. Their composition, including active ingredients and preservatives, is tailored for ocular use. When swallowed, these components are absorbed systemically through the digestive tract.
The human body processes substances differently depending on the administration route. Ingredients harmless in small, localized eye doses can become harmful when absorbed into the bloodstream in larger quantities. Consuming eye drops, even in small amounts, can result in systemic toxicity because the body is not equipped to metabolize these formulations orally.
Common Ingredients and Their Effects
Many over-the-counter eye drops contain vasoconstrictors like tetrahydrozoline or naphazoline, which reduce eye redness by constricting blood vessels. If ingested, these compounds can act as central nervous system depressants. Symptoms of accidental ingestion may include drowsiness, a significant drop in blood pressure, and a slow heart rate.
Children are particularly susceptible to these effects, with even small amounts potentially leading to severe symptoms like difficulty breathing or unconsciousness. Other ingredients, such as benzalkonium chloride (BAC), a common preservative, can also cause harm if swallowed. BAC ingestion may result in local corrosive effects on tissues, leading to gastrointestinal discomfort, chemical burns, and respiratory issues.
What to Do After Accidental Ingestion
If eye drops are accidentally ingested, act quickly. Do not induce vomiting, as this can worsen the situation by causing further irritation or aspiration. Instead, immediately contact a Poison Control Center for guidance.
The national toll-free Poison Help Line, 1-800-222-1222, is available 24 hours a day. Be prepared to provide details about the specific type and estimated amount of eye drop ingested. Seek immediate medical attention by calling emergency services if the individual experiences severe symptoms such as difficulty breathing, seizures, or becomes unresponsive.
Proper Eye Drop Use
To prevent accidental ingestion, always store eye drops securely out of the reach of children and pets. Read and follow the instructions on the product label before use. Proper application techniques help avoid contamination and ensure the product works as intended.
Always check the expiration date on the eye drop bottle; expired products may lose effectiveness or become contaminated. Sharing eye drops is not recommended, as this can spread bacteria and lead to eye infections.