Mononucleosis (mono), often called the “kissing disease,” is a common illness caused primarily by the Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV). Symptoms include extreme fatigue, fever, and a sore throat, often lasting several weeks. Eligibility for blood donation is determined by specific health criteria designed to protect both the donor and the recipient. Having had mono requires a temporary deferral, and this guidance outlines the criteria for prospective donors regarding eligibility after infection.
The Deferral Period During Active Illness
An individual is immediately ineligible to donate blood while experiencing any active symptoms of infectious mononucleosis. Symptoms such as a persistent fever above 99.5°F, profound fatigue, swollen lymph nodes, or an enlarged spleen necessitate an absolute deferral. The primary concern during this acute phase is the health and safety of the donor. Donating blood involves a temporary reduction in blood volume, which can be poorly tolerated by someone actively fighting a systemic infection.
The bodily changes associated with mono, including inflammation and a compromised immune response, make the donation process unsafe. A fever or feeling unwell can also mask other underlying health issues that might complicate the donation or recovery process. Blood collection organizations prioritize the donor’s well-being, and an active infection is a clear contraindication for donation. Therefore, a diagnosis of mono results in an immediate suspension of eligibility until full recovery is achieved.
Donation Eligibility Following Full Recovery
Once the acute illness has passed, the requirements for resuming donation must be met. Eligibility is restored only after an individual has fully recovered and is completely symptom-free. Full recovery means the donor has returned to normal activities, feels well, and no longer exhibits residual effects, such as lingering fatigue or persistent organ swelling. This requirement ensures the donor is physically robust enough to handle the donation process without undue risk.
The standard waiting period required by many blood services after mono is six months from the date of full recovery, though this can vary internationally. Some organizations may permit donation sooner, such as two or eight weeks after all symptoms have completely resolved, depending on the illness’s severity. If the mononucleosis was complicated by conditions like jaundice or hepatitis, the deferral period is significantly longer, typically extending to twelve months. A prospective donor must always disclose the mono diagnosis during the pre-donation screening process.
The deferral period accounts for the systemic effects of the illness on the body’s internal systems. Even after symptoms fade, the body requires time to stabilize the immune system and regenerate blood components affected by the viral infection. By waiting until the body is completely recovered, donors ensure their own safety and contribute the highest quality blood product possible.
Understanding the Waiting Period Requirement
The requirement for a waiting period following recovery from mononucleosis is rooted in concern for both the donor and the recipient. This period ensures the donor’s immune system has stabilized following the viral response. Drawing blood too soon could increase the risk of post-donation complications, such as prolonged fatigue or fainting, because the donor’s system has not fully compensated for the recent illness.
While the Epstein-Barr Virus is generally not considered a high-risk transfusion-transmitted infection, the systemic inflammation associated with acute mono is a factor. The waiting period mitigates any potential risk from secondary infections or general compromise of the donor’s health during the convalescent phase. Requiring a period of full health confirms the donor is in optimal physical condition, safeguarding the welfare of both the donor and the recipient.