Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) is a common viral infection that primarily causes genital herpes. This condition affects millions globally, with an estimated 11% of people aged 15-49 having HSV-2. A frequent concern for individuals with this diagnosis is whether it impacts their ability to contribute to blood banks.
HSV-2 and Blood Transmission
HSV-2 is a viral infection that typically manifests as painful blisters or sores, mainly in the genital area. The virus is primarily transmitted through direct skin-to-skin contact, often during sexual activity, when lesions or bodily fluids are present. It can also spread even when no sores are visible.
Unlike viruses such as HIV or Hepatitis B/C, HSV-2 is not generally considered a bloodborne virus. The virus primarily resides in nerve cells, reactivating to cause localized outbreaks on the skin or mucous membranes. While a theoretical risk of transmission through blood transfusion has been noted, particularly during primary infections, the virus is not typically found in the bloodstream at levels that pose a significant risk for transfusion.
Donation Eligibility with HSV-2
Having HSV-2 generally does not disqualify an individual from donating blood. Organizations like the American Red Cross allow individuals with HSV-2 to donate, provided they meet other standard eligibility requirements and feel healthy on the day of donation. This policy reflects the understanding that HSV-2 is not primarily a bloodborne pathogen.
A deferral might occur under specific circumstances, such as having active lesions or sores at the time of donation. Donors are typically advised to wait until any blisters or sores are dry and healed. If an individual is taking antiviral medication for an active outbreak, a waiting period of at least 48 hours after finishing the treatment may be required before donation. Any general illness or fever, regardless of HSV-2 status, would also lead to a temporary deferral.
Preparing to Donate
Individuals with HSV-2 who intend to donate blood should be open and transparent during the health questionnaire and pre-donation screening. Informing staff about any active lesions or feeling unwell is important for both donor and recipient safety.
Beyond HSV-2 considerations, all prospective donors must meet general health requirements. These include feeling healthy, meeting specific weight requirements, and having sufficient iron levels. Donors undergo a brief physical examination and a medical interview to assess their overall health and identify any factors that might affect donation eligibility. Adhering to these guidelines ensures the safety and integrity of the blood supply for all recipients.