Adults can develop new allergies, even in their 30s or later. The immune system undergoes changes throughout life, leading to sensitivities not present in childhood. This article explores why new allergies appear, common triggers, and how to pursue diagnosis and find relief.
Why Allergies Can Emerge in Adulthood
The immune system adapts to its environment, meaning allergic sensitivities can develop at any age. Genetic predispositions, while often present from birth, might not express themselves as allergies until later in life when combined with specific environmental exposures. Repeated or intense exposure to certain substances can eventually sensitize the immune system, leading to an allergic response where none existed before.
Changes in one’s environment or lifestyle can also play a role in the development of adult-onset allergies. Moving to a new geographic region with different types of pollen or molds can introduce novel allergens. New occupational exposures, such as working with specific chemicals or animal dander, can also trigger late-onset sensitivities. Hormonal fluctuations, like those experienced during pregnancy, menopause, or due to thyroid conditions, have been observed to influence immune responses and potentially contribute to the onset of allergies.
Typical Triggers and What to Look For
Adult-onset allergies include common environmental allergens. Pollen from trees, grasses, and weeds, dust mites found in household dust, mold spores prevalent in damp areas, and pet dander are frequent culprits for respiratory symptoms. These reactions involve sneezing, nasal congestion, a runny nose, and itchy, watery eyes. Skin reactions such as hives, which are itchy red welts, or eczema, characterized by dry, itchy patches, can also signal an allergic response.
Food allergies can also emerge, with common triggers including shellfish, peanuts, tree nuts, and certain fruits or vegetables. Symptoms range from mild, like tingling in the mouth or digestive upset, to more severe reactions involving swelling of the face, lips, or throat. Insect stings from bees, wasps, or fire ants can cause localized swelling and pain, but they can trigger widespread allergic reactions. Medications, including certain antibiotics or pain relievers, are another source of adult-onset allergies, often presenting as skin rashes or more systemic reactions.
Getting a Diagnosis and Finding Relief
If you suspect you have developed an allergy, consulting a healthcare professional, such as an allergist, is a first step. An allergist can conduct tests to identify the substances triggering your reactions. Common diagnostic methods include skin prick tests, where small amounts of suspected allergens are pricked into the skin, and blood tests, which measure specific IgE antibodies. For suspected food allergies, an elimination diet or supervised oral food challenge might be recommended.
Once an allergy is diagnosed, management strategies focus on allergen avoidance. This might involve using air purifiers, encasing bedding in allergen-proof covers, or making dietary adjustments. Various medications can help manage symptoms, including over-the-counter antihistamines to reduce itching and sneezing, nasal corticosteroids to alleviate congestion, and decongestants for temporary relief. In some cases, immunotherapy, such as allergy shots or sublingual tablets, may be recommended to help the immune system build tolerance to specific allergens over time.