Mouthguards serve as important protective devices for teeth during sports or to manage conditions like teeth grinding. While their benefits are clear, a common concern involves the possibility of choking. This article addresses these safety considerations, providing insights into the risks and effective prevention strategies.
Assessing the Risk
Choking on a mouthguard, while not common, is possible under certain circumstances. Dislodgement is a primary mechanism, which can occur during high-impact sports if not securely fitted, potentially obstructing the airway. For nightguards used to prevent teeth grinding, a poor fit also increases the chance of dislodgement during sleep, creating a choking hazard.
Improperly fitted mouthguards also contribute to this risk. If too bulky or extended too far back, they can trigger a gag reflex, causing discomfort or a choking sensation. This interferes with normal breathing and swallowing, especially if it shifts unexpectedly. While most mouthguards are too large to be swallowed, smaller or poorly fitted devices have been reported to come loose and be swallowed or aspirated.
Pieces of a damaged mouthguard also pose a choking risk. Over time, mouthguards can wear down, develop scratches, or break apart, allowing small pieces to become a choking hazard. The risk is low with proper use and maintenance, but not absent.
Essential Prevention Strategies
Minimizing choking risk begins with selecting the appropriate mouthguard type and ensuring a precise fit. Custom-fitted mouthguards, made by a dentist, offer the most secure and comfortable fit, reducing dislodgement. They fit snugly without needing constant biting or clenching, avoiding areas that might trigger a gag reflex.
Boil-and-bite mouthguards offer some customization as they mold to teeth when softened in hot water. While better than generic stock mouthguards, they may not provide the same secure fit as custom-made appliances and can still be bulky, potentially causing discomfort or gagging. Stock mouthguards, pre-formed and one-size-fits-all, are the least effective in fit and protection, making them prone to dislodging and interfering with breathing or speech.
Regular inspection and timely replacement are important for safety. Mouthguards can show signs of wear and tear, such as cracks or rough edges, which can lead to pieces breaking off. Replacing a mouthguard every few months or as signs of damage appear maintains integrity and reduces hazards. For children, consistent supervision during activities where mouthguards are worn ensures proper usage and addresses any fit or discomfort issues immediately.
Responding to a Choking Incident
Recognizing the signs of choking is key to providing effective help. A choking person may clutch their throat, appear panicked, be unable to speak, cough weakly, or make squeaky sounds. Skin, lips, or nails might turn blue or gray from lack of oxygen. If the person can speak, cough, or breathe, encourage continued coughing to dislodge the object.
If the person cannot speak, cough, or breathe, immediate action is needed. Call emergency services or have someone else call while you begin first aid. For adults, stand behind the person, wrap your arms around their waist, and make a fist with one hand.
Place the thumb side of your fist just above their navel and below the ribcage, grasping it with your other hand. Deliver five quick, upward thrusts into the abdomen. Repeat this sequence of abdominal thrusts until the object is dislodged or help arrives. If the person becomes unconscious, begin CPR.