The question of whether earthworms can be purchased is easily answered with a definitive yes, as it is a common practice across various industries and hobbies. The commercial market supplies live earthworms for several distinct purposes, ranging from waste recycling to gardening and fishing. Acquiring these invertebrates is a straightforward process, whether seeking a small batch for fishing or a large quantity for a dedicated composting system. The specific species and purchasing logistics depend entirely on the intended application.
Primary Uses for Purchased Earthworms
One primary application for commercially acquired earthworms is vermicomposting, the process of using worms to decompose organic materials. These specialized composting worms consume food scraps and yard waste, transforming them into a highly nutrient-dense soil amendment known as worm castings. This process reduces household waste and yields a valuable, natural fertilizer rich in available nutrients for plants.
A second major use is as live fishing bait, where the worms’ size and durability on a hook are valued. Larger species are sought after by anglers for their ability to attract fish and remain active in the water. The third application involves soil improvement and aeration in gardens and agricultural settings. As the worms burrow, they create tunnels that break up compacted soil, enhancing water infiltration and drainage. This improves soil structure and fertility, supporting healthier root growth.
Specific Species Available for Purchase
The commercial earthworm market focuses primarily on two species of composting worms, each with unique characteristics. Eisenia fetida, commonly known as the Red Wiggler, is the preferred species for vermicomposting because they are surface dwellers that thrive in rich organic matter. They are prolific breeders, capable of doubling their population quickly, making them efficient waste processors. Red Wigglers are relatively small, typically measuring two to three inches in length.
The second widely sold species is Eisenia hortensis, or the European Nightcrawler, which is larger, growing up to four or five inches. While effective for composting, they process organic matter more slowly than Red Wigglers and tend to burrow deeper. European Nightcrawlers are highly valued for their size and broader temperature tolerance, making them an excellent choice for fishing bait and larger outdoor composting operations. Canadian Nightcrawlers (Lumbricus terrestris) are popular bait worms but are poor candidates for composting bins, as they are deep-burrowing and do not thrive in captive surface environments.
Where and How to Purchase Them
Online Vendors
The most common way to buy composting worms is through online specialty vendors, which often ship the worms directly to the customer’s location. These vendors specialize in species like Red Wigglers and European Nightcrawlers and typically offer a live arrival guarantee. Purchasing online allows buyers to select bulk quantities, often sold by weight in pounds or by count in increments of 500 to 5,000.
Local Sources
For immediate or smaller purchases, local sources are often more convenient. Anglers frequently purchase bait worms from dedicated bait shops, sporting goods stores, or convenience stores. Garden centers and local farm suppliers may also carry composting worms, especially during peak gardening seasons. Prices vary based on the species, quantity, and whether they are sold by count for bait or by weight for vermiculture. Finding local sellers through community garden groups can sometimes provide a cheaper alternative.
Caring for Newly Purchased Worms
Once the worms arrive, immediate care is necessary to ensure their survival and successful acclimation after the stress of transit. Upon opening the package, the worms may appear sluggish, but they will recover quickly with proper handling. The first step is to gently introduce them into their new bedding material in the bin or container.
Earthworms breathe through their skin and require a damp environment, making moisture management important. The new bedding should have a moisture content similar to a wrung-out sponge. Adding about a half-cup of water per pound of worms upon arrival can aid in their recovery. To encourage burrowing and prevent escape, the container should be kept uncovered under a bright light for the initial 24 hours, as they naturally avoid light. Allow the worms 24 to 48 hours to fully acclimate before introducing any food.