A mammogram is an imaging procedure that uses low-dose X-rays to create detailed images of the breast tissue, serving as an important tool for breast cancer detection and screening. For breastfeeding individuals, questions often arise regarding the safety of this procedure and whether it impacts their ability to continue nursing. Understanding the science behind mammography helps address these common concerns and allows for informed decisions regarding breast health while lactating.
General Safety of Standard Mammography
Standard mammography is considered safe for breastfeeding individuals. This imaging technique utilizes X-rays, which are a form of radiation, to produce images. The radiation exposure is localized to the breast tissue. The dose of radiation is very low and does not accumulate in the body or contaminate breast milk.
There is no evidence that diagnostic X-rays, including mammograms, affect the quality or quantity of breast milk. Therefore, nursing can resume immediately after a standard mammogram without any need for special precautions or interruption.
Implications of Contrast Dye
Some mammogram procedures, such as Contrast-Enhanced Mammography (CEM) or Breast MRI, may involve the use of contrast agents. These dyes, often iodine-based or gadolinium-based, are administered intravenously to enhance the visibility of certain tissues or abnormalities. Medical organizations, including the American College of Radiology (ACR), agree that minimal contrast agent transfers into breast milk, with even less absorbed by the infant’s gastrointestinal tract.
For gadolinium-based contrast, less than 0.04% of the maternal dose is excreted into breast milk within 24 hours, and less than 1% of that is absorbed by the infant. Similarly, for iodinated contrast, less than 1% enters breast milk, and less than 1% of that is absorbed by the infant. Given these minimal amounts, breastfeeding interruption is not necessary. However, if concerned, a brief 12 to 24-hour interruption with milk expression and discarding is sufficient.
Practical Tips for Breastfeeding Parents
Communicating your breastfeeding status to the mammography technologist is helpful, as it allows them to provide appropriate guidance and support. Timing your feeding or pumping schedule around your appointment can enhance comfort during the procedure. Emptying your breasts just before the mammogram, by nursing or pumping, can reduce breast density and make images clearer for interpretation.
Breast compression during a mammogram can sometimes be uncomfortable, and breastfeeding breasts may be more tender. Discussing strategies for comfort with the technologist, such as adjusting positioning, can be beneficial. Temporary changes in breast shape or minor milk leakage may occur due to compression, but these are short-lived and do not impact milk supply or breast health.
Seeking Professional Guidance
While standard mammograms are safe during lactation, consulting your healthcare provider is advisable. This is especially important if you have specific health concerns, notice any unusual changes in your breast, or if the mammogram is for diagnostic purposes rather than routine screening. Your doctor can assess your individual medical history and the reason for the mammogram to determine the most appropriate course of action.
If a contrast agent is recommended, discuss the type of agent and any concerns with your doctor to make an informed decision. Medical professionals can provide personalized advice and address any anxieties regarding imaging procedures while breastfeeding. This ensures that both your breast health and your infant’s well-being are prioritized.