Heel spurs are a common concern for many experiencing foot discomfort. These bony growths can be a source of confusion, with many wondering if they are the direct cause of pain or if they can somehow fracture. Understanding their characteristics and relationship to heel pain can help demystify this condition.
What is a Heel Spur?
A heel spur, also known as a calcaneal spur, is a bony outgrowth that develops on the underside of the heel bone (calcaneus). These spurs are essentially calcium deposits that accumulate over time. On an X-ray, a heel spur can appear as a small spike or hook, sometimes extending up to half an inch.
The formation of a heel spur is a response to chronic stress and strain placed on the foot’s ligaments and tendons. This often occurs due to repetitive pulling on the plantar fascia, a thick band of tissue connecting the heel bone to the toes. Over months or years, the body attempts to repair micro-trauma by building extra bone tissue, leading to the development of a spur.
The Durability of Heel Spurs
Heel spurs are bony calcifications and are generally quite durable. While it is an uncommon occurrence, a heel spur can technically break off from the heel bone, though such instances are rare and usually result from direct trauma or repetitive traction.
Despite their bony nature, the pain associated with heel spurs is typically not due to the spur itself breaking or “poking” into surrounding tissues. Instead, the discomfort arises from the inflammation of the soft tissues around the spur, such as the plantar fascia. Many individuals have heel spurs without experiencing any pain, often discovering them incidentally during X-rays taken for other reasons.
Understanding Heel Pain and When to Seek Medical Advice
Heel pain is often attributed to heel spurs, but the true source of discomfort is inflammation of the plantar fascia, a condition known as plantar fasciitis. This strong ligament supports the arch of the foot, and when strained or inflamed, it causes pain, particularly near the heel.
If heel pain persists for more than a few weeks despite rest and home care, consult a healthcare professional. Seek medical attention immediately if the pain is severe, makes walking difficult, or is accompanied by swelling, redness, warmth, numbness, tingling, or fever. A proper diagnosis is important, as other conditions can also cause heel pain, including stress fractures of the calcaneus, Achilles tendinitis, bursitis, or nerve entrapment.