The human body undergoes significant changes during pregnancy, particularly as it prepares for childbirth. Among these, alterations to the cervix serve as indicators of the body’s readiness for labor. Understanding these shifts provides insight into the progression toward delivery.
Understanding Cervical Changes
The cervix, the lower, narrow part of the uterus, connects to the vagina. Before labor begins, it is typically long and thick, providing closure for the uterus. As the body prepares for birth, the cervix undergoes two changes: effacement and dilation. Effacement refers to the thinning and shortening of the cervix. This process is measured in percentages, from 0% (no thinning) to 100% (completely thinned, often described as paper-thin).
Dilation describes the opening of the cervix. It is measured in centimeters, from 0 centimeters (closed) to 10 centimeters (fully open), which is complete dilation and indicates readiness for birth. Both effacement and dilation are assessed by a healthcare provider through a physical examination. These measurements show how the cervix is preparing for the baby’s passage through the birth canal.
The Interplay of Effacement and Dilation
It is possible for the cervix to be fully effaced without significant dilation. This often occurs because the thinning process frequently precedes or accompanies its opening. Uterine contractions, even mild ones, apply pressure that helps to shorten and thin the cervix.
For first pregnancies, effacement commonly progresses significantly, often to completion, before the cervix dilates. In contrast, those who have previously given birth vaginally might experience dilation before or alongside effacement, as their cervix may have retained some elasticity from prior deliveries. Full effacement indicates the cervix is ready to open more efficiently once active labor contractions begin.
What to Expect Next
If your cervix is fully effaced but not yet significantly dilated, it indicates your body is progressing toward childbirth. This stage often signifies active labor may be near, as the cervix has completed a major preparatory step. While a positive sign of readiness, it does not precisely predict when active labor will begin. The timing of labor onset varies greatly among individuals, with some remaining in this state for days or even weeks.
During this period, you might experience mild, irregular contractions or notice changes in vaginal discharge, such as the loss of the mucus plug (clear, pink, or slightly bloody). These are normal signs of cervical changes. It is important to communicate with your healthcare provider for guidance. They can advise on specific signs indicating active labor, such as contractions becoming consistently stronger, longer, and closer together, or your water breaking. Rest and hydration are important as your body continues its preparations.