Hemorrhoids are swollen veins located in the rectum or around the anus, similar to varicose veins. These vascular structures, also called piles, are a normal part of the anal canal’s anatomy, functioning as cushions that assist with stool control. They become problematic when they swell, become inflamed, or are subjected to excessive pressure. This swelling can occur either internally within the anal canal or externally under the skin surrounding the anus.
Are Hemorrhoids Congenital?
Hemorrhoids are generally not a condition an individual is born with. While the anatomical structures, known as anal cushions, are present at birth, hemorrhoids develop over time. They are considered an acquired condition, primarily resulting from increased pressure or strain on the anal veins. Their development is multifactorial, involving genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors.
The veins in the anal region can become enlarged and distended due to elevated venous pressure. This pressure often arises from activities that increase intra-abdominal pressure, such as straining during bowel movements. The supporting tissues anchoring these anal cushions can also weaken or disintegrate, leading to their abnormal displacement and symptomatic enlargement of the veins. While a predisposition might exist due to inherited weaker connective tissue, the condition typically manifests later in life.
Hemorrhoids in Infants and Children
Although not present at birth, hemorrhoids can occur in infants and young children, though uncommonly. Their primary reason for development is often chronic constipation. When a child strains excessively to pass hard or dry stools, it places undue pressure on the delicate veins in the rectum and anus, causing them to swell. Inadequate fiber and fluid intake can contribute to constipation, making stools difficult to pass.
Other factors also contribute to hemorrhoids in young children. Prolonged sitting on the toilet, especially for toddlers during potty training, can increase anal vein pressure. Frequent or intense crying can also lead to increased abdominal pressure, which may cause blood to pool and contribute to rectal vein swelling. In rare instances, conditions like chronic liver failure can cause hemorrhoids by redirecting blood flow and increasing pressure in the rectal veins.
Recognizing and Managing Hemorrhoids in Young Children
Recognizing hemorrhoids in infants and young children can be challenging as they cannot verbally express discomfort. Common signs include bright red blood on the stool, on toilet paper, or in the diaper. Parents might also notice small reddish or bluish bumps near the edge of the anus, or a child may show discomfort or cry during bowel movements. Itching or irritation around the anus, and sometimes pain, can also be present.
Management of hemorrhoids in young children focuses on addressing the underlying cause, often constipation. Increasing dietary fiber through fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, along with adequate fluid intake, helps soften stools and promote easier bowel movements. Warm baths, often called sitz baths, provide soothing relief from discomfort and irritation. Gently cleaning the anal area with warm water and soft, non-perfumed wipes after bowel movements is advisable. If symptoms persist, or if there is significant bleeding, severe pain, or unusual growths, seek medical attention to rule out other conditions.