It is a common observation that people tend to favor one hand over the other for daily tasks. This natural inclination, known as handedness, leads many to wonder if it is possible to be born with equal proficiency in both hands. The question of natural ambidexterity delves into the intricate biological and developmental factors that shape our manual abilities from birth.
Defining Ambidexterity
Ambidexterity refers to the capacity to use both the right and left hands with comparable skill. “True” or natural ambidexterity implies an inherent equal proficiency in both hands, requiring no conscious effort to perform tasks and showing no marked preference for either hand.
In contrast, “learned” or functional ambidexterity develops through consistent practice and training. Individuals might acquire the ability to use their non-dominant hand effectively for specific tasks, but this skill is not innate. The core of the question regarding being “born ambidextrous” specifically concerns this natural, effortless balance of manual dexterity.
Genetic and Neurological Basis
Handedness is a complex trait influenced by both genetics and brain development. Hand preference typically becomes apparent in early childhood and tends to remain consistent throughout life.
Brain lateralization, where different functions are specialized in the left or right hemispheres, plays a significant role. Current research indicates that multiple genes contribute to handedness, with a 2020 study identifying 48 genetic variants linked to it, seven specifically associated with ambidexterity.
However, the genetic correlation between left-handedness and ambidexterity is low, suggesting distinct genetic mechanisms for these traits. Handedness is thought to be about 25% genetic and 75% environmental, with genetic factors having a modest influence on variation.
Developing Ambidexterity Through Practice
While natural ambidexterity is rare, individuals can develop functional ambidexterity through dedicated practice and training. For example, athletes often train to use both hands effectively in sports like baseball or basketball, and musicians may develop bilateral coordination through instrument practice.
This acquired skill differs from inherent ambidexterity, as it requires cognitive attention and deliberate action rather than occurring without thought. If a person’s dominant hand is injured, they might be compelled to use their non-dominant hand, thereby developing greater proficiency. This demonstrates the brain’s neuroplasticity, its ability to reorganize and form new neural connections in response to experience. While practice can lead to high levels of skill in the non-dominant hand, achieving the same effortless balance as true ambidexterity across all tasks is generally considered unlikely.
How Common is Ambidexterity?
Estimates suggest that only about 1% of people are naturally ambidextrous, meaning they can use both hands with equal skill without a marked preference. This contrasts sharply with the prevalence of right-handedness, which accounts for approximately 85% to 90% of the population, and left-handedness, found in about 10% to 15% of individuals.
Some studies indicate a slightly higher predisposition for ambidexterity among males compared to females, although this is a subject of ongoing research. Many people considered ambidextrous may actually be mixed-handed, meaning they use different hands for different tasks, or were originally left-handed individuals who learned to use their right hand due to societal influences or practical reasons.