Stevia, a widely used natural sweetener, comes from the Stevia rebaudiana plant, native to South America. It has gained considerable popularity as a low-calorie sugar alternative. While generally considered safe, some people wonder about the possibility of allergic reactions.
Allergic Reactions to Stevia
True allergic reactions to stevia are possible, though rare, especially with highly purified forms like steviol glycosides (e.g., Reb A or Reb M). Many reported adverse reactions are not genuine allergies but sensitivities, intolerances, or digestive side effects. These can include bloating, gas, or nausea, often linked to high doses or sugar alcohols frequently blended with stevia products.
Stevia belongs to the Asteraceae plant family, which includes ragweed, chrysanthemums, and marigolds. For individuals with allergies to these related plants, there is a theoretical potential for cross-reactivity, particularly with less-purified, whole-leaf stevia extracts. However, highly purified steviol glycosides are generally recognized as safe (GRAS) by regulatory bodies. There have been no reported stevia-related allergies in scientific literature since 2008 following the introduction of these high-purity products. The European Food Safety Administration (EFSA) concluded that steviol glycosides are unlikely to cause allergic reactions when consumed in foods.
Recognizing Allergy Symptoms
Symptoms of a true allergic reaction to stevia typically appear shortly after consumption. Mild symptoms may include skin rashes, hives, itching, nasal congestion, sneezing, or mild gastrointestinal upset like stomach cramps.
Severe allergic reactions, known as anaphylaxis, are rare but require immediate medical attention. Symptoms of anaphylaxis can progress rapidly and include difficulty breathing, swelling of the throat or tongue, dizziness, a rapid pulse, and a sudden drop in blood pressure. Other signs might involve chest tightness, wheezing, confusion, or a feeling of dread.
Next Steps After a Reaction
If you suspect a reaction to stevia, immediately stop consuming stevia and any products containing it. Monitor your symptoms to see if they worsen or persist. Keeping a food diary can help identify potential triggers.
Consult a doctor or allergist for a proper diagnosis. A healthcare professional can help determine if your reaction was a true allergy, an intolerance, or another issue, and can advise on appropriate avoidance strategies. Always read food and beverage labels carefully to check for stevia or steviol glycosides. For any severe symptoms, especially those indicative of anaphylaxis, seek immediate emergency medical help.