Contact lens solution is a specially formulated liquid designed to clean, disinfect, rinse, and safely store contact lenses. This solution plays an important role in maintaining lens hygiene and eye health, preventing the buildup of debris and harmful microorganisms. While formulated for eye safety, individuals can develop an allergic reaction to certain components. This can occur even after years of using the same product without issues.
Understanding Contact Solution Allergies
An allergy to contact lens solution is an immune system response where the body mistakenly identifies a harmless ingredient as a threat. This differs from simple irritation, which might result from factors like dirt on the lens or improper care, and typically resolves once the irritant is removed. A true allergic reaction involves the immune system producing antibodies, leading to inflammation. Preservatives in the solution can be absorbed by soft contact lenses, leading to prolonged exposure of these chemicals to sensitive eye tissues, which can then trigger this immune reaction.
Common Symptoms
Individuals experiencing an allergic reaction to contact lens solution may notice symptoms. These often include persistent redness, intense itching, and a burning sensation in the eyes. Excessive tearing and eyelid swelling are also common. Some people might experience increased sensitivity to light or blurred vision.
These symptoms tend to persist or worsen despite routine lens cleaning or replacement, helping differentiate a true allergic response from transient discomfort. A more severe manifestation can be Giant Papillary Conjunctivitis (GPC), characterized by small bumps on the inner surface of the eyelids.
Typical Culprits in Contact Solutions
Allergic reactions to contact lens solutions are often attributed to specific chemical ingredients, especially preservatives. Common culprits include polyquaternium-1 (also known as polyhexamethylene biguanide or PHMB) and polyaminopropyl biguanide. Chlorhexidine is another preservative linked to allergic responses.
Historically, thimerosal, a mercury-containing preservative, was a significant allergen, though its use has largely been discontinued. These chemicals can be problematic because they are absorbed by contact lenses, leading to prolonged eye exposure. Some also have toxic effects on corneal cells.
Steps to Take and Alternative Solutions
If an allergic reaction to contact lens solution is suspected, immediately stop using the current solution and remove your contact lenses. Consult an eye care professional, such as an optometrist or ophthalmologist, for diagnosis and guidance. They can determine if it’s an allergy and recommend suitable alternatives.
Several alternative contact lens care options are available for individuals with sensitivities. Preservative-free saline solutions can be used for rinsing lenses, as they lack common trigger chemicals. Hydrogen peroxide-based systems, like Clear Care, are another good option; they are preservative-free and offer effective disinfection. These systems require a specific neutralization process before lenses can be worn. For many, switching to daily disposable lenses eliminates the need for any contact lens solution. Daily disposables provide a fresh, sterile pair each day, reducing allergen and deposit buildup.