Swollen lymph nodes are a common concern when wisdom teeth erupt. A connection between the two exists. Understanding wisdom tooth development clarifies why these symptoms can appear together.
Understanding Wisdom Teeth Growth
Wisdom teeth, or third molars, are the last teeth to emerge, typically between ages 17 and 25. Their growth can lead to complications due to insufficient space in the mouth for proper alignment. Lack of space can cause wisdom teeth to become impacted, meaning they are trapped in gum tissue or jawbone and cannot fully erupt. Impaction can also involve the tooth growing at an angle or pressing against adjacent teeth.
Erupting wisdom teeth can cause pericoronitis, an inflammation of the surrounding gum tissue. This occurs when a partially erupted tooth creates a gum flap where food particles and bacteria can become trapped. This accumulation can lead to infection, causing pain, swelling, and sometimes a foul taste in the mouth. If left unaddressed, such infections can worsen.
How Wisdom Teeth Can Affect Lymph Nodes
Lymph nodes are small, bean-shaped glands that are part of the body’s immune system, acting as filters for lymph fluid. They contain white blood cells that fight infections by trapping viruses, bacteria, and other harmful substances. When infection or inflammation occurs, lymph nodes in the affected area swell as they produce more infection-fighting cells and filter pathogens.
Infections or inflammation from wisdom teeth can lead to the swelling of nearby lymph nodes. Pericoronitis around an erupting wisdom tooth, or a dental abscess, introduces bacteria into the oral cavity. The lymphatic system transports these pathogens to regional lymph nodes, such as the submandibular nodes (located under the jaw) and cervical nodes (in the neck). These nodes enlarge as they combat the infection, signaling an immune response to the oral issue.
Recognizing Other Causes of Swollen Lymph Nodes
While wisdom teeth can contribute to swollen lymph nodes, many other common conditions also cause them to enlarge, particularly in the head and neck region. Swollen lymph nodes often indicate the immune system is fighting an infection. Viral infections, such as the common cold, flu, or glandular fever, are common causes.
Bacterial infections like strep throat, tonsillitis, or ear infections can also cause lymph nodes to swell. Skin infections in the head or neck, and mouth sores, can trigger a localized lymph node response. The location of the swollen nodes often provides a clue to the underlying cause; for example, an ear infection might lead to swelling near the ear.
When to Seek Dental or Medical Attention
Consult a dentist or doctor if you experience persistent or severe pain around your wisdom teeth, especially with jaw or gum swelling. Difficulty opening your mouth, chewing problems, or unexplained ear and head pain radiating from the wisdom tooth area also warrant professional evaluation. These symptoms could indicate an impacted tooth, infection, or a developing abscess.
Seek immediate professional attention if you develop a fever with wisdom tooth pain, notice pus or a foul taste, or experience difficulty swallowing or breathing. Swelling that spreads rapidly or does not subside should also be evaluated promptly. A dental professional can perform an examination, often including X-rays, to diagnose the cause and recommend treatment, which might involve antibiotics or extraction.