When someone who uses cannabis regularly decides to stop, they may experience physical and psychological changes known as Cannabis Withdrawal Syndrome (CWS). This syndrome occurs when the body, having adapted to the presence of cannabinoids, must adjust to their sudden absence. Many individuals are surprised by the intensity of the physical symptoms that manifest during this period of cessation. These physical reactions can be alarming, especially when they involve the cardiovascular system, prompting concern about the safety of the withdrawal process.
How Cannabis Withdrawal Affects the Heart
Cannabis withdrawal can directly affect the cardiovascular system, and the answer to whether it can cause heart palpitations is yes. Palpitations are often reported as a symptom of CWS, though they are considered less common than mood-related issues. These heart changes frequently manifest as episodes of tachycardia, or a rapid heart rate, that can feel like a pounding or fluttering in the chest. While frightening, these palpitations are generally considered a temporary and benign consequence of the body readjusting. For many, the elevated heart rate and palpitations begin to subside within the first few days of abstinence.
The Role of the Autonomic Nervous System
The scientific mechanism behind withdrawal-induced palpitations lies in the autonomic nervous system (ANS). Chronic cannabis use, particularly of products high in delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), modulates the activity of the body’s endocannabinoid system. This system is deeply intertwined with the ANS, which manages involuntary bodily functions like heart rate, breathing, and digestion.
The ANS is composed of two main branches: the parasympathetic system, which promotes “rest and digest” functions, and the sympathetic system, which controls the “fight or flight” response. When cannabinoids are consistently present, they help maintain a certain equilibrium within this system. Once cannabis use is abruptly stopped, the sudden absence of these compounds causes a temporary dysregulation of the endocannabinoid system.
This dysregulation results in a phenomenon known as sympathetic overdrive, where the sympathetic nervous system becomes overly active. The resulting imbalance pushes the body into a heightened state of alert, triggering physical symptoms like a rapid heart rate and the sensation of palpitations. This temporary physiological shift is the underlying reason why the cardiovascular system reacts strongly when the body is deprived of its accustomed dose of cannabinoids.
Common Physical Symptoms Accompanying Palpitations
Heart palpitations are typically experienced as part of a broader set of physical symptoms during cannabis withdrawal. These manifestations reflect the nervous system hyperactivity that causes the cardiac discomfort. Symptoms tend to peak within the first week of cessation and serve to validate the reader’s overall experience as part of a recognized syndrome.
- Excessive sweating, or diaphoresis, which can occur even without physical exertion
- Shakiness or tremors, particularly in the hands
- Headaches and gastrointestinal issues, such as nausea or abdominal pain
- Sleep disturbances, manifesting as significant insomnia or unusually vivid dreams
When to Seek Medical Attention
Although palpitations during CWS are usually temporary and not harmful, it is prudent to consult a healthcare professional to rule out other possible causes. Withdrawal is a diagnosis of exclusion, meaning a medical provider must first confirm that the symptoms are not related to a more serious underlying condition. This is particularly important if the individual has a pre-existing heart condition that could be exacerbated by the temporary stress of withdrawal.
There are specific warning signs that necessitate immediate medical evaluation, as they may indicate a serious cardiac event. Seek help right away if the palpitations are accompanied by:
- Severe chest pain
- Shortness of breath
- A feeling of lightheadedness or fainting
- Heart rhythm disturbance that persists for many days without improvement
- Symptoms that were present even before the cessation of cannabis use