Skin tags, medically termed acrochordons, are common, benign skin growths that affect an estimated 50% to 60% of adults. They are typically small, soft flaps of skin that may be flesh-colored or slightly darker, often attached by a thin stalk. While they pose no health risk, they can become irritated or bothersome, leading people to seek out the cause of their formation.
Defining Skin Tags and Common Locations
An acrochordon is a small, soft outgrowth of skin tissue, composed of a fibrovascular core covered by an outer layer of epidermis. These growths are non-cancerous and do not typically cause pain unless they are repeatedly rubbed, snagged, or twisted. Skin tags range in size from tiny bumps up to several centimeters. They are most frequently found in areas where skin rubs against skin, clothing, or jewelry, such as the armpits, groin, eyelids, and beneath the breasts. The neck is a particularly susceptible location due to constant movement and contact with accessories.
Underlying Biological Causes of Skin Tags
The development of skin tags is strongly linked to several internal biological factors. A significant driver is genetic predisposition; if close relatives have skin tags, you are more likely to develop them. Metabolic factors also play a substantial role, particularly insulin resistance. Individuals with elevated insulin levels, often associated with type 2 diabetes and obesity, have a higher incidence of these growths. The excess insulin can act as a growth factor, stimulating the proliferation of skin cells. Hormonal changes are another recognized cause, especially during pregnancy or times of fluctuation like menopause. Increased levels of hormones such as estrogen and progesterone can promote skin cell growth.
Friction and the Necklace Connection
While internal factors create susceptibility, external friction acts as a strong localized trigger for skin tag growth in the neck area. A necklace does not directly cause a skin tag to form, but it provides the constant, repeated mechanical irritation necessary to encourage growth in a predisposed individual. The rubbing action of a chain or pendant against the skin leads to micro-trauma and localized irritation. This chronic friction stimulates skin cells, specifically the keratinocytes and fibroblasts, to overgrow, resulting in the skin tag. Tight or heavy necklaces, rough chain links, and high collars can exacerbate this effect by intensifying the rubbing. Certain jewelry materials, such as nickel, can also contribute by causing a localized allergic reaction or contact dermatitis, increasing inflammation and irritation. The development of skin tags on the neck is a clear example of a biological tendency being activated by a mechanical stressor.
Tips for Prevention and Management
To reduce the likelihood of skin tags forming on the neck, focus on minimizing friction and irritation.
Prevention
When choosing jewelry, opt for hypoallergenic materials and ensure necklaces are loose-fitting to prevent chafing. Wearing soft fabrics and avoiding tight collars can also help reduce mechanical stress. Maintaining a healthy weight and managing underlying health conditions, particularly blood sugar levels, can address the systemic causes of skin tags.
Removal
Since skin tags are typically harmless, removal is usually for cosmetic reasons or because they have become irritated or painful. A dermatologist can safely remove bothersome tags using methods like cryosurgery (freezing), electrocautery (burning), or simple excision. Professional removal is safer than attempting home removal.