Wasps can sting multiple times. These insects belong to the suborder Apocrita, characterized by a slender body and a constricted “wasp-waist.” Wasps include both predatory and parasitic species.
Why Wasps Can Sting Multiple Times
Wasps can sting repeatedly due to their stinger’s anatomy. Unlike honey bees, a wasp’s stinger is smooth and needle-like, lacking significant barbs. This design allows the wasp to easily withdraw its stinger from the skin after injecting venom, enabling it to sting again without self-injury. The stinger is a modified ovipositor, an organ that delivers venom from associated glands. This evolutionary adaptation means the wasp does not sacrifice itself when it stings, preserving its ability to defend its nest or subdue targets.
How Bee Stings Differ
Honey bees, in contrast to wasps, possess barbed stingers. When a honey bee stings, these barbs anchor the stinger firmly in the victim’s skin. As the bee attempts to pull away, the barbed stinger is ripped from its body. This self-amputation is fatal for the honey bee. The detached stinger can continue to pump venom into the wound for a short period after the bee has left. Other types of bees, such as bumblebees, have smoother stingers and can sting multiple times without dying, similar to wasps.
What to Do After a Wasp Sting
If stung by a wasp, wash the affected area with soap and water to clean the site and remove any residual venom. Applying a cold pack or compress to the sting site can help reduce pain and swelling. Over-the-counter pain relievers like ibuprofen can alleviate discomfort, while antihistamines may help with itching and swelling. Symptoms include sharp pain, burning, redness, and localized swelling, which usually subside within one to two hours, though swelling can last longer.
However, watch for signs of a severe allergic reaction, known as anaphylaxis, which requires immediate medical attention. Symptoms of anaphylaxis can appear quickly and include severe swelling of the face, lips, or throat, difficulty breathing, wheezing, dizziness, a sudden drop in blood pressure, widespread hives, nausea, vomiting, or loss of consciousness. Administer an epinephrine auto-injector if available, and seek emergency care immediately.
How to Avoid Wasp Stings
When outdoors, avoid wearing bright colors and strong perfumes or scented body products. Keep food and sugary drinks covered, especially during outdoor meals, as wasps are attracted to sweets and protein. Securely close trash cans and dispose of waste properly to minimize attracting foraging wasps.
If a wasp approaches, remain calm and avoid swatting at it, as this can provoke a sting. If possible, slowly and calmly move away from the area. Regularly inspect outdoor areas around your home, such as eaves, sheds, and under decks, for early signs of wasp nests, and consider professional removal for established nests. Sealing cracks and holes in your home’s exterior can also prevent wasps from nesting inside.