Vomiting involves the forceful expulsion of stomach contents through the mouth. This process engages various parts of the upper digestive tract, including the esophagus, which is the tube connecting the throat to the stomach, and the pharynx and larynx, located in the throat itself. Vomiting can cause discomfort and potential injury to these delicate tissues, ranging from temporary irritation to lasting issues.
Common Causes of Throat Discomfort
The primary reason for the burning sensation and soreness experienced after vomiting is the presence of stomach acid. The stomach contains hydrochloric acid, a highly acidic substance necessary for digestion. When this acid is forced up into the esophagus and throat, it irritates and mildly burns the delicate mucous membranes that line these structures, which are not designed to withstand such acidity.
Beyond the chemical irritation, the physical force involved in vomiting contributes significantly to throat discomfort. Retching and vomiting involve strong, involuntary contractions of the abdominal muscles and diaphragm. These muscular spasms exert considerable pressure on the throat and surrounding areas, leading to muscle strain and soreness.
In addition to acid and physical strain, other stomach contents can contribute to irritation. Undigested food particles, bile, or digestive enzymes can be expelled during vomiting. These substances can further aggravate the sensitive lining of the esophagus and throat, intensifying the feeling of rawness or soreness.
Potential Serious Damage
Repeated or forceful vomiting can lead to more significant damage to the throat and associated structures. One condition is esophagitis, inflammation of the esophagus. This inflammation occurs when stomach acid repeatedly irritates the esophageal lining, causing it to become swollen and painful. Persistent esophagitis can make swallowing difficult and uncomfortable.
Another injury is a Mallory-Weiss tear, small tears in the esophageal lining, often at the junction with the stomach. These tears are caused by intense pressure and stretching during violent or prolonged vomiting. A symptom of a Mallory-Weiss tear is blood in the vomit, which may appear as streaks or a coffee-ground like substance.
Stomach acid can also affect oral health, indirectly impacting the throat. Frequent vomiting causes highly acidic gastric contents to repeatedly wash over tooth enamel, leading to its gradual erosion. This erosion can weaken teeth and increase sensitivity. The acid can also inflame the larynx (voice box), causing laryngitis. This inflammation results in hoarseness or changes in voice quality.
Chronic, frequent vomiting can contribute to the development or worsening of conditions like gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). In rare instances, long-term exposure of the esophagus to stomach acid, especially with chronic vomiting, has been associated with changes in the esophageal lining, sometimes referred to as Barrett’s esophagus.
When to Seek Medical Attention and How to Find Relief
Seek medical attention if certain symptoms arise after vomiting. Persistent throat pain that does not improve within a day or two, difficulty swallowing, or severe abdominal pain warrant a doctor’s visit. Vomiting blood, even small amounts, requires immediate medical evaluation. Signs of dehydration, such as decreased urination, excessive thirst, or dizziness, indicate a need for professional care.
Several self-care measures can help soothe a sore throat after vomiting. Rinsing the mouth with plain water immediately after vomiting helps wash away residual stomach acid and protect tooth enamel. Avoid brushing teeth for at least 30 minutes after vomiting, as enamel is temporarily softened by acid and can be further damaged.
Sipping clear liquids, such as water or diluted broth, can help rehydrate and soothe the throat. Avoiding acidic or irritating foods and drinks, such as citrus juices, spicy foods, or carbonated beverages, can prevent further irritation to the inflamed throat lining. Sucking on lozenges or hard candies can stimulate saliva production, which helps neutralize acid and provide temporary relief. Over-the-counter remedies like antacids can offer temporary relief from acid-related discomfort. Addressing the underlying cause of frequent or chronic vomiting is important for preventing recurrent throat irritation and damage.