Eczema, or Atopic Dermatitis, is a chronic inflammatory skin condition affecting millions worldwide. It involves a dysfunctional skin barrier and an overactive immune system, resulting in dry, intensely itchy, and inflamed patches of skin. Vaping, the use of electronic cigarettes, produces an inhalable aerosol by heating a liquid solution. This article examines whether the chemicals in these aerosols can cause new cases of eczema or worsen symptoms in those already affected.
Understanding Eczema and Vaping Components
Atopic Dermatitis is characterized by a “leaky” skin barrier, which allows environmental irritants and allergens to penetrate the skin layers. This penetration triggers an inflammatory response, leading to the visible symptoms of eczema. E-liquids primarily consist of Propylene Glycol (PG) and Vegetable Glycerin (VG), which serve as solvents for nicotine and flavorings.
Propylene Glycol is a known irritant and allergen upon direct contact with the skin or mucous membranes. Vegetable Glycerin is plant-derived and less associated with skin irritation. Beyond these solvents, e-liquids contain numerous flavorings, such as benzaldehyde and cinnamaldehyde, which are recognized skin sensitizers. Trace amounts of heavy metals like nickel and cadmium can also be aerosolized from the heating coils.
Scientific Evidence Linking Vaping to Skin Inflammation
Inhaling e-cigarette aerosol introduces chemical compounds that can trigger a systemic inflammatory response, potentially exacerbating eczema. Exposure to the aerosol’s components has been linked to increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and markers of oxidative stress. These internal signals are central to the underlying mechanism of Atopic Dermatitis, suggesting vaping provides a constant inflammatory burden.
Nicotine also contributes to this systemic impact by impairing the skin’s ability to heal and regenerate, perpetuating inflammation. Research shows a statistical association between e-cigarette use and Atopic Dermatitis in the adult population. This systemic immune modulation is a distinct mechanism from simple skin irritation and may explain why vaping triggers chronic flare-ups in genetically predisposed individuals.
Generalized skin irritation, or irritant contact dermatitis, is a temporary rash caused by direct damage. The exacerbation of Atopic Dermatitis, however, involves a long-term disruption of the immune system and skin barrier function caused by circulating inflammatory chemicals. One study also found that children whose parents used e-cigarettes in the home had a higher prevalence of pediatric Atopic Dermatitis, suggesting secondhand aerosol exposure can be a factor.
Direct Exposure and Residual Irritants
A separate, direct link between vaping and skin problems involves physical contact with the device or the e-liquid. This mechanism frequently results in allergic contact dermatitis, a delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction. The hands, face, and neck are the most common sites for these reactions due to the way people handle the device and the proximity of the vapor cloud to the face.
Allergic contact dermatitis is often caused by nickel, which leaches from the heating coils into the e-liquid and is transferred to the skin during use. Unvaporized e-liquid that leaks or spills onto the skin can also directly expose the user to high concentrations of Propylene Glycol and allergenic flavorings. The resulting rash often appears as itchy, scaly patches on the dominant hand or near the mouth.
For individuals who already manage eczema, this direct contact is a concern, as their skin barrier is already compromised and more susceptible to penetration by sensitizing chemicals. Practicing careful hygiene, such as washing hands after refilling the device, can minimize the risk of accidental skin exposure. Preventing the buildup of aerosol residue on surfaces can also reduce exposure to these residual irritants.