Torus Mandibularis (TM) is a common, non-disease-related finding that presents as a bony growth on the lower jaw. These growths are generally benign and are often first noticed during a routine dental examination or when they begin to increase in size. This article addresses whether this type of oral bony overgrowth can resolve on its own over time.
What Torus Mandibularis Is
Torus Mandibularis is a non-pathologic protuberance of bone found on the inside surface of the lower jaw (mandible), near the tongue. These growths typically occur near the premolar and canine teeth, often appearing symmetrically on both sides of the mouth. They are covered by normal gum tissue and may present as smooth, nodular, or lobulated masses that vary in size among individuals.
The structure is composed of dense, compact cortical bone, making it an extremely hard tissue. While the exact cause is not fully understood, TM is thought to arise from a combination of genetic predisposition and environmental influences. Localized stress, such as chronic teeth grinding or clenching (bruxism), is considered a contributing factor to their formation and gradual enlargement.
Why Torus Mandibularis Does Not Shrink
Torus Mandibularis does not spontaneously disappear because it is a permanent, hard bony mass, an outgrowth of the jawbone itself. Unlike soft tissue swelling, which can reduce as inflammation subsides, TM is formed by the slow, continuous apposition of bone tissue, a process driven by cells called osteoblasts.
Bone tissue is constantly remodeled throughout life, but this particular type of dense bone lacks the necessary biological signaling for widespread resorption. Resorption would require substantial activity from osteoclasts, the cells responsible for breaking down bone, which does not typically occur in the context of a benign torus. Once the bony growth has formed, it remains a permanent fixture.
While the overlying gum tissue may occasionally become irritated or inflamed, the underlying bone mass remains unchanged. The body does not actively resorb this dense growth. The size of the torus may stabilize after a period of growth, but it will not naturally reduce without external intervention.
Indications for Removal
Since Torus Mandibularis does not resolve on its own, removal is only considered when the growth causes specific functional or chronic problems. The most common reason for surgical intervention is interference with the fabrication or stability of dental prosthetics. For example, a large torus can prevent a lower full or partial denture from seating correctly, leading to rocking and discomfort.
Removal may also be necessary if the torus becomes so large that it impairs the function of the tongue, making it difficult to speak, chew, or swallow. Chronic trauma to the thin mucosal tissue covering the bone is another frequent indication, as the tissue can easily ulcerate when repeatedly rubbed during chewing. Additionally, removal may be recommended if the growth obstructs access needed for other dental procedures, such as taking X-rays, impressions, or placing dental implants.