A vaginal yeast infection, also known as vulvovaginal candidiasis, is a common fungal infection caused by an overgrowth of Candida yeast. While symptoms typically include itching, burning, and thick, white discharge, bleeding is not a primary symptom. However, minor bleeding or spotting can occur.
Understanding Yeast Infections and Bleeding
Bleeding with a yeast infection is usually light, occurring due to irritation and inflammation in sensitive vaginal tissues. Candida overgrowth disrupts the vagina’s natural balance, making tissues susceptible to injury. This inflammation weakens the vaginal lining, increasing sensitivity.
Intense itching, a common symptom, can lead to scratching, creating small tears or cracks in the vulva and vagina. These micro-abrasions can result in light bleeding or spotting. Severe or recurrent infections can cause chronic inflammation, compromising vaginal wall integrity and increasing the potential for minor bleeding. This bleeding is typically spotting or light streaks, not a heavy flow.
Other Potential Causes of Vaginal Bleeding
Vaginal bleeding, especially if more than light spotting, can stem from various conditions unrelated to a yeast infection. Hormonal fluctuations are a common cause, such as those with birth control or during perimenopause. Breakthrough bleeding can occur with hormonal contraceptives, and irregular bleeding may happen as hormone levels change nearing menopause. Certain infections, including sexually transmitted infections (STIs) like chlamydia or trichomoniasis, can cause bleeding or spotting due to inflammation or irritation of reproductive organs. Bacterial vaginosis (BV), another common vaginal infection, can also lead to irritation and slight bleeding, often presenting with a distinct odor and discharge. Physical factors like vaginal dryness (often associated with lower estrogen levels) or trauma from intercourse or foreign objects can also result in bleeding. Noncancerous growths such as cervical polyps or uterine fibroids may also cause spotting between periods.
When to Seek Professional Medical Advice
Seek professional medical advice if bleeding occurs alongside suspected yeast infection symptoms. A healthcare provider should be consulted if bleeding is heavy, persistent, or accompanied by severe pain, fever, or an unusual discharge with a strong odor. These symptoms might indicate a more serious underlying condition requiring prompt attention. Consulting a doctor is also advisable if it’s the first time experiencing yeast infection symptoms, as other conditions can mimic them. Recurrent yeast infections (four or more within a year) or symptoms not improving with over-the-counter treatments also warrant medical evaluation. If concerned about other potential causes of bleeding, especially if pregnant, a healthcare professional can provide an accurate diagnosis.
Diagnosis and Management
When evaluating vaginal symptoms, a healthcare provider typically begins by asking about medical history, including previous infections. A physical examination, often including a pelvic exam, allows the provider to inspect external genitals for signs of infection and examine the vagina and cervix. To confirm a yeast infection, a sample of vaginal discharge may be taken for microscopic examination or sent for a fungal culture.
Management of a vaginal yeast infection primarily involves antifungal medications. These medications target yeast overgrowth and are available in various forms. Treatment options include oral medications (typically a single dose) or topical applications such as creams, ointments, or vaginal suppositories (used for several days). The specific treatment approach depends on infection severity and individual circumstances.