Nosebleeds can occur during the flu, though not a direct symptom of the virus itself. Several flu-related factors can increase their likelihood. Understanding these connections helps manage symptoms and know when to seek medical attention.
How the Flu Directly Affects Nosebleeds
The influenza virus primarily targets the respiratory system, leading to inflammation and irritation in the nasal passages. This inflammation causes delicate blood vessels lining the nose to swell and become more fragile, making them susceptible to breaking even with minor disturbances.
The flu also contributes to the drying of mucous membranes within the nose. Dryness makes the nasal lining more prone to cracking and irritation. This combination of inflammation and dryness creates an environment where nosebleeds are more likely to occur.
Common Factors Contributing to Nosebleeds During Flu
Beyond the direct effects of the virus, several common flu-related behaviors and environmental conditions can exacerbate nosebleeds. Frequent and forceful nose blowing, common with nasal congestion, can physically damage delicate blood vessels in the nose, leading to bleeding. This repeated trauma makes the nasal lining more vulnerable.
Dehydration, often accompanying fever and reduced fluid intake, can contribute to nosebleeds by drying out nasal passages. Dry indoor air also draws moisture from nasal membranes, causing them to become dry and cracked. Certain over-the-counter flu medications, such as decongestants, can dry out nasal passages, while non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can affect blood clotting, increasing nosebleed risk.
When to Seek Medical Care for Nosebleeds
While most nosebleeds are minor and resolve on their own, certain signs indicate a need for medical attention. Seek immediate care if a nosebleed is heavy, if blood loss is significant (more than about a cup), or if it lasts longer than 15 to 20 minutes despite applying direct pressure. Prolonged bleeding, especially if it flows down the back of the throat, can signal a more serious issue.
Medical attention is also advised if nosebleeds are frequent or accompanied by other concerning symptoms such as dizziness, weakness, or difficulty breathing. A nosebleed after a head injury also warrants prompt medical evaluation. If a person takes blood-thinning medications or has a known bleeding disorder, any nosebleed that does not stop quickly should be discussed with a healthcare provider.
Tips for Managing and Preventing Nosebleeds
For immediate nosebleed management, remain calm and sit upright, leaning slightly forward to prevent blood from flowing down the throat. Firmly pinch the soft part of the nose, just above the nostrils, using your thumb and index finger for at least 10 to 15 minutes, breathing through your mouth. Avoid checking if bleeding has stopped before the full time has passed.
To help prevent nosebleeds during the flu, focus on keeping nasal passages moist. Using a humidifier in living spaces can add moisture to dry indoor air. Staying well-hydrated by drinking plenty of fluids also helps maintain moisture in mucous membranes. Gentle use of saline nasal sprays can keep the nasal lining from drying out and becoming irritated. Avoid aggressive nose blowing and picking, as these actions can damage fragile nasal blood vessels.