Many individuals experience both teeth grinding and unexplained jaw swelling, leading to questions about a potential connection. Teeth grinding, known medically as bruxism, is common, but unexplained submandibular swelling can be concerning. This article explores their relationship and clarifies other common reasons for submandibular gland swelling.
Understanding Submandibular Glands and Teeth Grinding
Submandibular glands are a pair of major salivary glands located beneath the floor of the mouth, specifically under the lower jaw. These glands produce saliva, essential for moistening the mouth, aiding chewing and swallowing, and cleaning teeth. They contribute a substantial portion of unstimulated saliva production.
Teeth grinding, or bruxism, involves clenching or grinding teeth, often unconsciously. This action can lead to symptoms like jaw pain, headaches, and tooth wear or sensitivity.
Investigating the Link Between Teeth Grinding and Gland Swelling
Teeth grinding does not directly cause the submandibular gland to swell. The gland is a distinct organ, separate from the muscles involved in grinding. While no direct causal link exists between bruxism and actual submandibular gland swelling, teeth grinding can lead to symptoms mistaken for glandular enlargement.
Chronic teeth grinding can enlarge the masseter muscles, powerful jaw muscles located near the submandibular glands. This condition, masseter hypertrophy, can create perceived swelling under the jaw, making it appear as though a gland is swollen. The muscle bulk increase can alter the facial contour, sometimes presenting as a wider or more square jawline.
Muscle tension and stress from bruxism can cause referred pain or discomfort radiating to the neck and jaw region. This localized pain might be interpreted as swelling, even when the submandibular gland is unaffected. Chronic muscle strain or localized inflammation due to bruxism might indirectly affect nearby lymph nodes, causing them to swell. Swollen lymph nodes in the neck can feel like tender lumps, potentially leading to confusion with glandular swelling.
Other Common Reasons for Submandibular Gland Swelling
Submandibular gland swelling can arise from several medical conditions unrelated to teeth grinding. One common cause is sialolithiasis, where salivary gland stones form within the gland or its ducts. These stones can block saliva flow, leading to painful swelling, particularly during or after eating.
Another frequent cause is sialadenitis, an infection of the salivary gland. This can be bacterial or viral, with symptoms often including pain, tenderness, redness, and sometimes fever and chills. Infections can arise from reduced saliva flow or blockages within the ducts, making the gland more vulnerable.
Lymphadenopathy, or swollen lymph nodes, can also be mistaken for submandibular gland swelling. Lymph nodes in the neck area swell in response to infections, such as throat infections or dental issues, as they filter harmful substances. These swollen nodes can feel like tender lumps under the jaw.
Less commonly, tumors, which can be benign or malignant, may cause submandibular gland enlargement. These swellings might feel firmer than those caused by infection, and cancerous tumors may be fixed to the tissue. Systemic conditions, such as autoimmune disorders like Sjögren’s syndrome, can also affect the salivary glands, leading to swelling.
When to Seek Medical Attention
If you experience persistent or worsening swelling in the submandibular area, consult a healthcare professional. Medical attention is important if the swelling is accompanied by pain, tenderness, or redness, as these can indicate an infection or other underlying issues.
Other signs that warrant a doctor’s visit include fever, chills, or drainage from the area. Difficulty swallowing or problems opening the mouth fully are also concerning symptoms. Any new, unexplained lump or swelling, especially if it feels hard or fixed, should be evaluated to determine the precise cause and ensure appropriate management.