Teens can get hemorrhoids, which are swollen veins located in the lower rectum and anus. These cushions of tissue contain blood vessels that become inflamed and distended due to pressure. While more common in adults, adolescents are susceptible to developing this condition. Hemorrhoids occur either internally, within the rectum, or externally, under the skin around the anal opening.
Common Causes in Adolescents
Hemorrhoids develop when increased pressure is placed on the veins in the lower pelvic area. Chronic constipation is a primary factor, often stemming from a diet lacking sufficient fiber and hydration. When a teenager strains to pass a hard stool, the increased abdominal pressure forces the blood vessels to swell.
Prolonged periods of sitting, common in the modern adolescent lifestyle, also contribute to hemorrhoids. Spending extended time at a desk, gaming, or using a phone increases pressure on the anal veins and decreases physical activity. Habitually sitting on the toilet for a long duration, such as while using a smartphone, causes blood to pool in the vessels, increasing the likelihood of swelling. Strenuous physical activities, like heavy weightlifting, can also temporarily increase intra-abdominal pressure enough to trigger the condition.
Recognizing the Signs
Recognizing hemorrhoids often begins with noticing discomfort during or after a bowel movement. Common symptoms include itching or irritation around the anal region and a feeling of pain or soreness, particularly when sitting. Bright red blood found on the toilet paper, in the toilet bowl, or mixed with the stool is also a noticeable symptom.
External hemorrhoids may be felt as a hard, tender lump near the anus and can sometimes be more painful than internal ones. If an internal hemorrhoid protrudes outside the anus, it is called a prolapsed hemorrhoid and causes significant discomfort. If symptoms do not resolve with basic home care within a week, or if the teenager experiences persistent pain or heavy bleeding, consult a doctor for a diagnosis and to rule out other causes of bleeding.
Relief and Prevention Strategies
Immediate relief involves simple measures aimed at reducing swelling and discomfort. Soaking the anal area in a warm bath, known as a sitz bath, for 10 to 15 minutes a few times a day can soothe irritation and aid healing. Over-the-counter topical treatments, such as creams, ointments, or medicated wipes containing witch hazel or hydrocortisone, can temporarily reduce itching and inflammation. Cold compresses or ice packs wrapped in a cloth and applied for short intervals can also help reduce swelling and numb the area.
Long-term prevention centers on adopting lifestyle and dietary changes that promote soft, regular bowel movements. Increasing the daily intake of dietary fiber is paramount, aiming for 20 to 35 grams from sources like fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. This added fiber bulks up the stool and makes it softer, reducing the need to strain during defecation.
Adequate hydration is equally important, as drinking plenty of water helps fiber work effectively and prevents the stool from becoming hard and dry. Establishing healthy bathroom habits is necessary, which means avoiding straining and not sitting on the toilet for more than a few minutes. Regular physical activity encourages healthy bowel function and reduces sitting time, decreasing pressure on the hemorrhoidal veins.