Croup is a common respiratory illness primarily affecting the upper airway, including the voice box (larynx) and windpipe (trachea). This condition leads to swelling around the vocal cords, which narrows the airway. The inflammation typically results in distinctive breathing sounds and a characteristic cough.
Croup in Teenagers
While croup is most frequently observed in infants and young children, teenagers can experience this respiratory condition. Its occurrence in adolescents is less common compared to younger age groups, mainly due to anatomical changes that occur during development. As individuals grow, the larynx and trachea naturally widen and mature. This wider airway makes them less susceptible to obstruction from croup swelling. The developed airway provides greater resilience against infection.
Recognizing Signs and Causes
The hallmark symptom of croup in teenagers is a distinctive “barking” cough, similar to a seal. This cough arises from swelling around the vocal cords, altering the sound of air passing through the narrowed passage. Hoarseness is another common indicator, resulting from inflammation on the vocal cords. Inspiratory stridor, a high-pitched, wheezing sound heard when breathing in, can also be present, especially during physical activity or distress.
Croup is most commonly triggered by viral infections, especially parainfluenza viruses. These viruses cause inflammation and swelling in the upper airway. Other viruses, such as respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), influenza viruses, and adenoviruses, can also lead to croup. The viral infection causes the mucous membranes lining the trachea and larynx to swell, constricting the airway and producing the characteristic symptoms.
Management and When to Seek Care
Managing croup in teenagers often involves supportive home care. Adequate hydration, by encouraging fluid intake, thins secretions and soothes the throat. Exposure to cool air, like stepping outside briefly or using a cool-mist humidifier, can help reduce airway swelling and ease breathing. Elevating the head during sleep can also provide comfort.
Medical attention is necessary if a teenager with croup experiences increasing difficulty breathing, such as rapid breathing or visible chest retractions. Persistent stridor, even when at rest, requires prompt evaluation. Lethargy, decreased alertness, or a bluish discoloration around the mouth or fingernails (cyanosis) indicate a severe condition requiring immediate medical care. In some cases, healthcare professionals might prescribe corticosteroids, such as oral dexamethasone, to reduce airway inflammation.