Swallowing glass is a concerning event, often triggering immediate fear due to the potential for serious internal injury. It is a medical emergency requiring prompt attention, and the outcome depends on several factors. The size and shape of the glass piece play a significant role, as does the speed with which medical intervention is sought.
Immediate Physical Effects
When glass is swallowed, the body reacts to the foreign object. Initial sensations include sharp pain in the mouth or throat, potentially causing cuts or abrasions. The body’s natural defense mechanisms, such as gagging, coughing, or difficulty swallowing, may activate to expel the object. Even small fragments can produce lacerations in the oral cavity or along the pharynx.
As the glass moves past the throat, it enters the esophagus. Here, larger or sharper pieces can become lodged, causing immediate discomfort or a sensation of something being stuck. This can lead to chest pain, drooling, or vomiting as the body struggles to move the obstruction. The presence of a foreign body can also trigger spasms, further complicating its passage.
Range of Potential Injuries
The severity of injury from swallowed glass varies depending on the characteristics of the glass and its journey through the digestive tract. Sharp edges can cause lacerations or perforations to the esophagus, stomach, or intestines. This damage can lead to internal bleeding, which may manifest as blood in vomit or stool. If the digestive tract is breached, bacteria can leak into the abdominal cavity, potentially causing a severe infection known as peritonitis.
Larger pieces of glass can obstruct the passage of food and waste through the digestive system. An obstruction can cause intense abdominal pain, bloating, and vomiting, requiring urgent medical intervention. Improper healing can lead to scar tissue and strictures, which are narrowings of the digestive tract. These strictures can impede the normal flow of food and may necessitate further medical procedures. Severe complications can be life-threatening and require immediate medical attention.
Essential Steps to Take
If glass has been swallowed, avoid actions that could cause further harm. Do not induce vomiting, as this can force the glass back through the esophagus, causing additional lacerations. Forcing the glass back up could also lead to it entering the airway, which is a life-threatening emergency.
Seek professional medical attention immediately by calling emergency services or going to the nearest emergency room. Provide medical professionals with information including when the glass was swallowed, its estimated size and type, and any symptoms. Medical teams may use X-rays to locate the glass, which is often visible. Endoscopy, which involves inserting a thin, flexible tube with a camera, is a common procedure to visualize and remove the glass from the esophagus or stomach. Following medical advice for monitoring and recovery is important for the best outcome.