Sucralfate is a medication prescribed to treat stomach ulcers by forming a protective barrier over the ulcerated tissue. This barrier shields the affected area from stomach acid and digestive enzymes, allowing it to heal. It is also used for other gastrointestinal conditions like gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and inflammation of the stomach lining.
Sucralfate and Diarrhea
Sucralfate can indeed cause diarrhea, though it is considered a less common side effect compared to constipation. While constipation is reported in a small percentage of patients, typically 1% to 10%, diarrhea occurs in less than 0.5% of individuals taking the medication. The exact reasons for sucralfate-induced diarrhea are not fully understood, but its binding properties and impact on the digestive system may play a role.
Sucralfate works by locally binding to ulcer sites, forming a physical barrier. Minimal absorption into the bloodstream makes it generally well-tolerated.
Understanding and Managing Digestive Side Effects
Beyond diarrhea, sucralfate can cause other digestive discomforts, with constipation being the most frequently reported side effect, affecting about 2% of patients. Other common gastrointestinal effects include nausea, vomiting, indigestion, gas, and dry mouth. These symptoms are generally mild and often improve as the body adjusts to the medication.
To manage mild digestive issues, staying well-hydrated is recommended, especially for constipation. Dietary adjustments, like increasing fiber, can also help. For nausea or upset stomach, eating smaller, more frequent meals and avoiding trigger foods are beneficial. Over-the-counter remedies for constipation can be considered, but consult a healthcare provider first.
When to Seek Medical Advice
While most side effects of sucralfate are mild, certain symptoms warrant immediate medical attention. You should contact a healthcare provider if you experience severe or persistent diarrhea that does not improve. Signs of dehydration, such as reduced urination, extreme thirst, or dizziness, also require prompt medical evaluation.
Serious allergic reactions are rare but possible, including hives, itching, rash, swelling of the face, lips, tongue, or throat, or difficulty breathing. Other concerning symptoms include severe stomach pain, persistent nausea or vomiting, or any new, worsening, or unusual symptoms. If you suspect a serious reaction or overdose, seek emergency medical help immediately.
General Sucralfate Use Considerations
Sucralfate is taken on an empty stomach for effectiveness, at least one hour before or two hours after meals. This timing allows the medication to form its protective coating on the ulcer without food interference.
Sucralfate can interact with other medications, affecting their absorption. Space out sucralfate from other drugs, usually by at least two hours. Antacids should not be taken within 30 minutes before or after sucralfate, as they reduce its binding ability. Adhering to the prescribed dosage and duration, typically 4 to 8 weeks for active ulcers, is important for healing.