Stink bugs, particularly the brown marmorated stink bug (Halyomorpha halys), have become a common sight in homes across the United States since their introduction from Asia in the mid-1990s. While their presence can be a nuisance, many people wonder about their potential to cause harm. Generally, these insects are not considered dangerous to humans. They are primarily agricultural pests, known for damaging fruit, vegetable, and field crops. Understanding their behaviors and defense mechanisms can help alleviate concerns about interacting with them in a home environment.
Physical Interactions and Skin Contact
A common concern revolves around whether stink bugs can bite or sting humans. Stink bugs do not bite or sting people or pets. Their mouthparts are designed for piercing plant tissues to extract juices, not for feeding on blood or puncturing human skin.
When disturbed or crushed, these insects employ a defense mechanism by releasing a foul-smelling liquid from scent glands located on their abdomen. This liquid, composed of chemicals like trans-2-decenal and trans-2-octenal, deters predators. While its odor is unpleasant, often described as similar to cilantro, it is not poisonous. Contact with this fluid on human skin can sometimes lead to mild, temporary irritation, such as slight discoloration or a burning sensation, and in rare instances, dermatitis. If the fluid contacts the eyes, it can cause irritation or even chemical burns, necessitating immediate rinsing and medical attention.
Respiratory and Allergic Reactions
The distinctive odor released by stink bugs is generally not harmful when inhaled in typical indoor concentrations. However, some individuals may experience mild respiratory irritation, such as sneezing, coughing, or watery eyes, especially if they are sensitive or have pre-existing conditions like asthma. The unpleasant smell can be quite potent and linger in the air.
While rare, true allergic reactions to stink bugs or their emitted compounds have been reported in highly sensitized individuals. Symptoms can include skin rashes, hives, rhinitis (runny nose), or conjunctivitis (itchy eyes). Research indicates that stink bugs can be a clinically significant indoor allergen, particularly for those with pre-existing allergies. Agricultural workers who frequently handle crops infested with these insects have reported slight allergic reactions.
Disease Transmission Concerns
Stink bugs are not known to transmit diseases or pathogens to humans or pets. Unlike insects that feed on blood, which can act as vectors for various illnesses, stink bugs do not feed on blood. Their diet consists primarily of plant fluids.