While squirrels are often perceived as harmless backyard residents, instances of aggressive behavior towards humans, though rare, can occur. These small mammals typically prefer to avoid confrontation, but specific circumstances can prompt them to act defensively. Understanding these situations and knowing how to respond can help ensure safety for both humans and wildlife.
When Squirrels Might Become Aggressive
Squirrels can exhibit aggressive behavior when they feel threatened or cornered, especially if they perceive no clear escape route. This defensive instinct is particularly strong when a mother squirrel is protecting her young.
Food-related interactions are another common trigger for aggression, particularly when squirrels have grown accustomed to being fed by humans. When their expectations for food are not met, or if they are hand-fed, they can become agitated and may bite. A squirrel that is sick, injured, or in distress may also display unusual aggression or fearlessness.
What to Do During an Encounter
To prevent aggressive encounters, it is important to avoid feeding squirrels by hand, as this habit can diminish their natural fear of humans and lead to demanding behavior. Maintaining a safe distance from squirrels is always advisable. If a squirrel approaches aggressively, it is best to back away slowly without making sudden movements that could further provoke the animal.
Never attempt to corner a squirrel or handle a baby squirrel, as this can trigger a defensive attack from the parent. If a squirrel exhibits persistent aggressive behavior or appears sick, contact local animal control or a wildlife removal service for assistance, as these professionals are equipped to handle such situations safely.
Rabies and Other Health Risks
While squirrels can carry various diseases, they are generally considered low-risk carriers for rabies. Cases of squirrels transmitting rabies to humans are extremely rare. However, any animal bite has the potential to transmit other infections and should be taken seriously.
Beyond rabies, squirrel bites can transmit bacterial infections such as tularemia, salmonellosis, and leptospirosis. Tetanus is also a possibility with any animal bite, and individuals should ensure their tetanus vaccination is current. If bitten, immediately wash the wound thoroughly with soap and warm water for at least five minutes, then apply an antibiotic ointment and cover it with a clean bandage. Seek medical attention promptly for any squirrel bite, especially if the skin is deeply punctured, bleeding heavily, or if signs of infection like redness, swelling, or pus develop.