Shingles and eczema are distinct skin conditions that can cause discomfort and visible skin changes. Shingles, also known as herpes zoster, stems from the reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus (VZV), the same virus responsible for chickenpox. This viral reactivation leads to a painful, blistering rash that often appears on one side of the body. Eczema, particularly atopic dermatitis, is a chronic inflammatory skin condition characterized by dry, itchy, and sometimes scaly patches on the skin.
How Shingles Impacts Eczema
Shingles can worsen existing eczema or trigger new flares. The viral infection introduces inflammation, increasing redness in pre-existing eczema patches. New eczema outbreaks may also appear in previously unaffected areas. This can intensify the itching sensation, a prominent symptom of eczema.
The compromised skin barrier, common in eczema, combined with shingles’ blistering nature, increases the risk of secondary bacterial infections. These infections can complicate healing and exacerbate both shingles and eczema symptoms. Not every person with eczema who contracts shingles will experience these intensified effects, but it is a recognized risk.
Biological Factors in Worsening Eczema
Varicella-zoster virus infection initiates a systemic inflammatory response. This immune activation aggravates the sensitive and dysregulated immune system in individuals with eczema. The release of inflammatory mediators, such as cytokines, contributes to more severe eczema flares.
The virus affects skin barrier integrity, making the skin more vulnerable to irritants and allergens. This disruption further compromises the skin’s protective function, already impaired in eczema. The intense pain and itching associated with shingles leads to increased scratching, perpetuating the itch-scratch cycle common in eczema and causing additional skin damage. Stress, known to influence immune function, also plays a role, as shingles can be physically and emotionally taxing.
Managing Eczema During a Shingles Episode
Consulting a healthcare professional is important for diagnosis and treatment of both conditions. Antiviral medications, such as acyclovir, valacyclovir, or famciclovir, are prescribed for shingles to reduce the severity and duration of the outbreak. These medications are most effective when started within 72 hours of rash onset.
Managing eczema symptoms involves a multi-faceted approach. Topical corticosteroids reduce inflammation and itching in eczematous areas. Regular application of emollients moisturizes and supports the skin barrier. Cool compresses and, if advised by a doctor, antihistamines, alleviate itching. Preventing secondary infections is also crucial, requiring proper wound care for shingles blisters and, if a bacterial infection develops, antibiotics.
Preventing Shingles with Eczema
Vaccination is a key measure for individuals with eczema to reduce their risk of shingles. The shingles vaccine, Shingrix, is recommended for adults aged 50 and older, and for immunocompromised adults aged 19 and older. This recombinant vaccine is non-live, making it suitable for most individuals with eczema, unlike some live-attenuated vaccines.
Preventing shingles through vaccination can prevent the worsening of eczema symptoms that a shingles outbreak might cause. Shingrix has demonstrated high effectiveness, with studies showing over 90% efficacy in preventing shingles across different age groups. Beyond vaccination, maintaining overall immune health through practices such as managing stress, ensuring adequate sleep, and following a balanced diet supports well-being and may lower the risk of viral reactivation.