The sciatic nerve, the body’s longest and widest nerve, extends from the lower back down through the hips, buttocks, and into the legs. Sciatica is a condition that arises when this nerve experiences irritation or compression. This can result in various symptoms, including pain, numbness, or weakness that travels along the nerve’s extensive pathway.
How Sciatica Can Impact Your Feet
The sciatic nerve splits into two main branches above the knee: the tibial nerve and the common fibular (peroneal) nerve. When the sciatic nerve is compressed or irritated higher up in the spine, symptoms can manifest in the feet because these branches are affected.
Symptoms in the feet can include:
Numbness or tingling, a “pins and needles” sensation, affecting parts of the foot or toes.
Weakness in the foot muscles, making it difficult to lift the front of the foot (foot drop) or move toes.
A burning or shooting pain that radiates directly into the foot.
Difficulties with balance or walking due to altered sensation or muscle weakness.
The tibial nerve primarily provides sensation to the sole of the foot, while branches of the common fibular nerve innervate the lateral aspect of the leg and the top of the foot.
Recognizing Other Sciatica Symptoms
Sciatica symptoms extend beyond the feet. Individuals often experience pain in the lower back, buttock, or hip. This pain radiates down the back of the leg, which may be sharp, shooting, or burning.
Numbness or tingling may occur in the thigh or calf. Muscle weakness in the leg is also common. These symptoms usually affect one side of the body, though both legs can be impacted. Intensity and location vary among individuals.
What to Do About Sciatica Symptoms
Consult a doctor if sciatica pain has not improved after a few weeks of home treatments, worsens, or prevents normal activities. Seek immediate medical attention for sudden, severe pain with numbness or muscle weakness in a leg, or loss of bladder or bowel control. Urgent care is also needed for severe symptoms after an injury like a fall or car crash.
Diagnosis involves a physical examination where a doctor assesses muscle strength and reflexes, possibly asking you to walk on toes or heels. Imaging tests like X-rays, MRI scans, or CT scans may identify the underlying cause, such as a herniated disc or spinal stenosis. Management includes rest, cold or hot packs, and pain relief medications like ibuprofen. Physical therapy helps improve posture, strengthen core muscles, and enhance range of motion. While many cases resolve with self-care, professional medical advice is valuable for diagnosis and a tailored treatment plan.