Ringworm is a common skin infection caused by a fungus. It often presents as a distinctive, ring-shaped rash. A common concern is whether it can result in permanent scarring. While scarring from typical ringworm is not common, understanding factors that might lead to it is important.
How Ringworm Affects Skin
Ringworm is caused by fungi that thrive on keratin in skin, hair, and nails. The infection typically begins as a flat, discolored patch. This patch often develops into a circular shape with a raised, scaly border and a clearer center.
The fungi affect the superficial skin layers. As the fungi spread, the body’s immune system initiates an inflammatory response. This inflammation causes the characteristic itchy, scaly, and sometimes raised appearance of the rash.
Conditions Leading to Scarring
Scarring, which involves the formation of permanent fibrous tissue, is rare with uncomplicated ringworm. However, certain circumstances can increase the likelihood of scarring. When the fungal infection extends deeper than superficial skin layers, it can lead to more significant tissue damage. One example is kerion, a painful, pus-filled swelling that can occur with scalp ringworm, potentially resulting in permanent hair loss and scarring.
Delayed or inadequate treatment can also contribute to scarring, as prolonged infection allows for more extensive tissue damage. Untreated ringworm can spread and penetrate deeper into the skin. Scratching the itchy rash can break the skin barrier, creating openings for bacteria to enter. This secondary bacterial infection, such as cellulitis or impetigo, is a common cause of scarring from ringworm.
Individual skin healing responses also play a role. People with certain conditions like autoimmune diseases, sensitive skin, or those prone to keloids or hypertrophic scars may have a higher risk of scarring even from less severe infections.
Minimizing Scar Risk
Prompt action is important in preventing ringworm from leaving a permanent mark. Early diagnosis and starting antifungal treatment quickly limit the infection’s progression and reduce complication risk. Consistent adherence to the full course of prescribed medication, whether topical or oral, helps ensure complete eradication of the fungus.
Avoiding scratching the affected area is important. Scratching can spread the infection or introduce bacteria, leading to secondary infections that are more likely to scar. Maintaining good hygiene is another protective action; keeping the infected area clean and dry inhibits fungal growth. This includes washing the affected area separately and using clean towels. If symptoms worsen or do not improve with treatment, seeking medical advice is recommended to adjust the treatment plan and prevent further complications.
Addressing Skin Discoloration
Even after ringworm has healed, the affected skin might display temporary changes in color. This is known as post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation, where the skin becomes darker, or hypopigmentation, where it appears lighter. These discolorations are common due to the skin’s inflammatory response to the infection.
These temporary marks typically fade over time, usually within weeks to several months. Protecting the discolored areas from sun exposure can help them fade more quickly. Sunscreen and protective clothing help. If the discoloration persists or is a significant concern, consulting a healthcare provider can provide guidance and treatment options.