Gum recession is a common dental issue where the gum tissue surrounding the teeth pulls back, exposing more of the tooth or its root. This can lead to increased tooth sensitivity and can also create small pockets where harmful bacteria can accumulate, potentially causing further damage. Many individuals experiencing this condition wonder if their gums can naturally return to their original position.
The Truth About Gum Regeneration
Gum tissue, unlike some other tissues in the body, does not naturally regenerate or grow back once it has receded. While the mouth generally heals quickly from minor injuries, this unique regenerative capacity does not extend to lost gum tissue. This means that once the gum line has pulled away from the tooth surface, it will not spontaneously return to cover the exposed areas. The body’s natural regeneration process cannot fully restore the lost tissue. Therefore, while certain treatments can address the issue and prevent further recession, the lost gum tissue itself cannot be recovered through natural means.
Common Causes of Gum Recession
Several factors contribute to gum recession. Aggressive tooth brushing, using excessive force or a hard-bristled brush, can mechanically wear away delicate gum tissue over time, leading to the gum line pulling back from the teeth.
Periodontal disease, a bacterial infection of the gums, is another widespread cause. This condition begins with plaque buildup, which, if not removed, can inflame the gums (gingivitis) and eventually destroy the underlying bone structure and fibers supporting the teeth. As the bone diminishes, the gums recede, creating deeper pockets where more bacteria can thrive.
Other contributing factors include:
Genetic predisposition: Some individuals are born with thinner or more fragile gum tissue.
Tobacco use: Smoking or chewing tobacco increases the risk of gum recession.
Bruxism (teeth grinding and clenching): This can exert excessive pressure on teeth and gums.
Poor oral hygiene: Infrequent brushing and flossing allows plaque and tartar to accumulate, leading to inflammation.
Hormonal changes: Pregnancy or menopause can make gums more sensitive and prone to inflammation.
Effective Treatments for Receding Gums
Since natural gum regeneration is not possible, various professional treatments are available to manage and correct receding gums. A common initial approach, especially for cases linked to gum disease, is deep cleaning, also known as scaling and root planing. This procedure involves removing plaque and tartar from above and below the gum line and smoothing the tooth roots to prevent bacterial reattachment.
For more advanced recession, gum grafting procedures are often recommended to cover exposed tooth roots and prevent further bone loss. These involve taking gum tissue from another area of the mouth, such as the palate, and surgically attaching it to the recessed area. Common types include connective tissue grafts, free gingival grafts, and pedicle grafts, each chosen based on the specific needs of the patient.
The Pinhole Surgical Technique (PST) is a less invasive option. It involves making a small hole in the gum tissue and using specialized instruments to gently loosen and reposition the gum over the exposed root. This method typically requires no cutting or sutures.
In some instances, composite resin or bonding material can be applied to the exposed root surface. This helps to cover the sensitive area, improve the tooth’s appearance, and protect the root from decay, though it does not regenerate gum tissue.
Steps to Prevent Further Recession
Preventing further gum recession involves consistent oral hygiene and addressing underlying risk factors. Brushing teeth gently with a soft-bristled toothbrush using proper technique is important; aggressive scrubbing can damage gum tissue. Regular dental check-ups and professional cleanings are also important for removing plaque and tartar buildup that can contribute to gum disease and recession.
Other preventive steps include:
Address bruxism: Dentists may recommend a nightguard to protect teeth from grinding and clenching.
Quit tobacco products: Tobacco is a significant risk factor for gum disease and recession.
Maintain good oral hygiene: Daily flossing and using an antiseptic mouthwash support gum health.
Eat a balanced diet: Vitamins and minerals contribute to overall oral health and gum tissue resilience.