Rats are not predators that actively hunt humans, but under specific, rare circumstances, they can cause harm or feed on human remains. These incidents are generally associated with extreme conditions rather than typical predatory behavior.
Under What Conditions
Incidents of rats causing significant harm to humans are uncommon and occur when individuals are incapacitated and unable to defend themselves. This includes situations involving bedridden, severely ill, unconscious, or neglected individuals, such as infants or the elderly. In these cases, the human is not an active target but a vulnerable, stationary object. Instances of rats feeding on deceased bodies have also been documented, particularly in unsanitary environments.
Healthy, active individuals are not at risk from rat attacks. Rats avoid confrontation and will only bite if they feel threatened or provoked. The presence of rats in such scenarios often indicates neglect or unsanitary conditions where food sources are scarce, leading rats to opportunistic scavenging.
How Rats Cause Harm
Rats are omnivorous scavengers, eating plant matter, insects, and carrion. They are attracted to readily available food sources, such as garbage, discarded food, and pet food. Interaction with humans involves gnawing rather than active hunting. Rats’ teeth continuously grow, compelling them to gnaw on various materials, including wood and wires. This gnawing is distinct from eating, as they do not ingest what they gnaw unless it is a food source.
Injuries from rats involve superficial bites or gnawing on exposed soft tissue. Their developed sense of smell attracts them to blood, open wounds, or the scent of decomposition. If a person is immobile, the lack of movement can make them a target for hungry rats.
Minimizing Risks
Preventing rat infestations is the most effective way to minimize any potential risks. Maintaining good sanitation is crucial, which involves storing food in sealed containers and ensuring garbage is securely contained in rodent-proof bins. Eliminating accessible food sources makes properties less attractive to rodents.
Sealing entry points in homes is also important, as rats can fit through small holes and gaps, even those the size of a quarter. Checking for and sealing cracks in walls, floors, and foundations with appropriate materials like caulk or steel wool can deter entry. Removing potential shelter areas, such as piles of debris, wood, or overgrown vegetation around the house, further reduces harborage for rats. Promptly addressing any signs of rodent activity, such as droppings or gnaw marks, can help prevent infestations from escalating.