Rat snakes are common, non-venomous reptiles found across diverse habitats. While primarily known for their terrestrial and climbing abilities, these adaptable snakes are also capable swimmers, navigating aquatic environments when needed.
Rat Snakes in the Water
Rat snakes are proficient swimmers, moving through water with a distinctive undulating motion. They typically hold their heads above the surface as they propel themselves forward. While capable, swimming is not their primary mode of transportation or preferred habitat, as they are largely arboreal and terrestrial. However, their aquatic agility allows them to effectively move across or through small bodies of water when necessary.
Reasons for Swimming
Rat snakes enter water for various practical reasons, often driven by immediate needs or environmental conditions. One common reason is to hunt for prey such as amphibians, small fish, or rodents found near or in aquatic environments.
They may also use water as a means of escape when fleeing from predators or perceived threats. Additionally, swimming helps them with dispersal or travel, allowing them to cross small water bodies to access new territories or suitable habitats. On particularly warm days, a rat snake might enter the water to cool its body temperature, finding respite from the heat.
Distinguishing Rat Snakes from Other Water Snakes
Identifying rat snakes in water, especially compared to other common water-dwelling snakes like venomous water moccasins (cottonmouths), involves observing several distinguishing features. Rat snakes generally possess a more slender body profile and an elongated head that is not significantly wider than their neck. In contrast, water moccasins are typically stockier with a heavy body and a distinct, triangular head that is noticeably broader than their neck.
A key visual difference lies in their pupils: rat snakes have round pupils, while water moccasins have vertical, slit-like pupils, similar to a cat’s eye. However, pupil shape can be difficult to discern from a distance. When swimming, water moccasins often float with most of their body on the surface, while rat snakes tend to be more submerged, with only their head visible.
Furthermore, water moccasins may display a white, cottony interior of their mouth when threatened, a behavior not seen in rat snakes. Rat snakes are generally docile and will often attempt to flee or remain still when encountered.