Radon is a naturally occurring radioactive gas, colorless, odorless, and tasteless. It originates from the breakdown of uranium in soil and rocks. This gas can seep into homes and other buildings through cracks in foundations, walls, or openings around pipes.
Does Radon Cause Dizziness?
Dizziness is not an immediate symptom of radon exposure. Radon gas and its decay products do not produce rapid physiological responses. The health concerns associated with radon exposure develop over a long period, typically years to decades, and are primarily related to long-term cellular damage.
Established Health Risks of Radon
The leading health risk associated with prolonged radon exposure is lung cancer. Radon is considered the leading cause of lung cancer among non-smokers and the second leading cause overall, after smoking. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) estimates that radon in indoor air contributes to approximately 21,000 lung cancer deaths each year in the United States.
When radon decays, it releases tiny radioactive particles known as decay products. These particles can become trapped in the lungs when inhaled, where they emit energy that can damage lung tissue and cellular DNA. This DNA damage can lead to mutations and the uncontrolled growth of cells, which is the hallmark of cancer. The development of lung cancer from radon exposure typically occurs many years, often 5 to 25, after initial exposure.
Common Reasons for Dizziness
Since radon does not cause dizziness, it’s important to understand other common causes. Dizziness can stem from various reasons, many of which are not serious. Common factors include dehydration, low blood sugar, or anxiety.
Problems with the inner ear, which plays a significant role in balance, can also lead to dizziness, sometimes manifesting as vertigo, a sensation of spinning. Certain medications, changes in blood pressure, or underlying medical conditions such as infections or cardiovascular issues may also contribute to feelings of dizziness. Anyone experiencing persistent or concerning dizziness should consult a healthcare professional for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment.
Testing for Radon and Taking Action
Testing is the only reliable way to determine radon levels in a home. Both short-term and long-term testing kits are available, often from hardware stores, online, or through certified professionals. Short-term tests provide quick results over a few days, while long-term tests, conducted for over 90 days, offer a more accurate average of radon levels throughout the year.
The EPA recommends taking action to reduce radon levels if they are at or above 4 picocuries per liter (pCi/L). If elevated levels are detected, radon mitigation systems can effectively reduce concentrations by up to 99 percent. These systems typically work by active soil depressurization, drawing radon from beneath the home and venting it safely outdoors. Installing a mitigation system is a proven method to protect occupants from the long-term health risks associated with radon.