Propolis, often called “bee glue,” is a natural resin collected by honeybees from plants. Composed of plant resins, beeswax, and essential oils, it has been used in traditional medicine for centuries. Today, propolis is a popular skincare ingredient, highlighted for its beneficial properties. However, a common question is whether propolis can contribute to acne breakouts.
Propolis and Its Skin Benefits
Propolis contains over 300 active compounds, including flavonoids and polyphenols, which contribute to its skin benefits. It exhibits strong anti-inflammatory properties, helping to calm redness and irritation. This action involves blocking enzymes that drive inflammation.
Propolis also possesses antibacterial and antimicrobial qualities. It can target acne-causing bacteria like Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Its antioxidant content helps protect the skin from oxidative stress caused by free radicals, which can contribute to premature aging. These combined effects allow propolis to support wound healing, reduce acne lesions, and promote overall skin health.
How Propolis Might Contribute to Acne
While propolis offers skin advantages, it can lead to acne-like symptoms or exacerbate existing acne. A primary pathway involves allergic reactions, particularly contact dermatitis. Propolis contains compounds, such as caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) and terpenes, which are known allergens.
For individuals sensitive to these components, applying propolis can trigger an immune response, resulting in redness, itching, and rashes that might be mistaken for acne. Studies have shown varying rates of propolis sensitization. This type of reaction is a true allergy, where the body’s immune system reacts to specific substances within the propolis.
Another concern is the potential for irritation or, in rare cases, pore clogging, although pure propolis is considered non-comedogenic. While propolis helps prevent bacteria that clog pores, the formulation of a propolis-containing product, including other ingredients or high concentrations of propolis extract, could irritate the skin. Irritation can disrupt the skin barrier and lead to inflammatory responses, which may manifest as breakouts or worsen existing acne.
Recognizing and Addressing Propolis-Related Skin Issues
If you suspect a propolis-containing product is causing skin issues, recognizing the signs is the first step. Pay close attention to your skin’s reaction after introducing a new product; symptoms like persistent redness, itching, burning, or new bumps indicate a sensitivity or allergic reaction. These reactions typically appear where the product was applied.
Before using a new propolis product on your face, perform a patch test. Apply a small amount to a discreet area of skin, such as behind the ear or inner forearm, and observe for 24 to 48 hours for any adverse reactions. If a reaction occurs, discontinue use immediately.
If symptoms persist or if you experience severe reactions like significant swelling, widespread rash, or discomfort, consult a dermatologist. A medical professional can diagnose the issue, determine if propolis is the cause, and recommend appropriate treatment or alternative skincare options.