A prolapsed bladder, or cystocele, is a common condition where the bladder descends from its normal position. Often affecting women, a key concern is its impact on nearby organs, especially the bowels. Though primarily causing urinary symptoms, its close proximity to other pelvic structures raises questions about broader pelvic effects. This article explores how a prolapsed bladder can influence bowel function.
Understanding Bladder Prolapse
A cystocele occurs when supportive pelvic floor tissues and muscles weaken or stretch, allowing the bladder to bulge into the vaginal canal. This is a type of pelvic organ prolapse.
Factors contributing to this weakening include childbirth, especially vaginal deliveries, due to strain on pelvic muscles and ligaments. Aging and decreased estrogen levels also play a role. Chronic straining from constipation or persistent coughing, heavy lifting, and obesity further increase pelvic floor pressure.
How Bladder Prolapse Impacts Bowel Function
The bladder, vagina, and rectum are closely positioned within the pelvic cavity, supported by the pelvic floor. A bladder prolapse shifts the bladder downwards, exerting pressure or altering the alignment of adjacent organs like the rectum. This can interfere with normal stool passage.
A prolapsed bladder can obstruct or change the rectum’s angle, making stool movement difficult. This may cause chronic constipation or incomplete bowel emptying. Some individuals use manual pressure (splinting) to facilitate a bowel movement. Severe cases, though less common, might contribute to fecal incontinence due to disrupted pelvic floor mechanics.
Recognizing Associated Symptoms
Bladder prolapse can cause various symptoms, some indicating bowel impact. Common sensations include pelvic or vaginal pressure/heaviness, sometimes described as bulging. This feeling might worsen with standing, lifting, or coughing.
Specific bowel symptoms include persistent constipation, difficulty passing stool, or incomplete bowel emptying. Some may strain excessively or press on the vaginal wall to assist defecation. Not everyone with a bladder prolapse experiences these bowel issues, as symptom presentation varies with severity and anatomy.
Diagnosis and Treatment Approaches
Diagnosis typically begins with a healthcare professional reviewing medical history and conducting a physical examination. During the pelvic exam, the provider may ask the individual to bear down or cough to assess the prolapse. Additional tests, such as urodynamic testing or MRI, might determine severity and rule out other conditions.
Treatment varies based on severity and symptoms. Conservative measures, often the first step, include pelvic floor exercises (Kegels) and lifestyle modifications like increasing dietary fiber and fluid intake to prevent constipation. A vaginal pessary, a removable device, can also provide support. For more significant symptoms or when conservative methods are insufficient, surgical options may be considered. Consult a healthcare provider for accurate diagnosis and a personalized treatment plan.