Progesterone suppositories deliver the hormone progesterone directly to the body, typically through vaginal or, less commonly, rectal insertion. They are frequently prescribed to support the luteal phase in fertility treatments (like IVF), manage hormonal imbalances, or help prevent preterm birth in certain pregnancies. The medication works by thickening the uterine lining (endometrium), preparing it to receive and maintain a potential pregnancy. This localized delivery method, while effective, often causes various local side effects.
Progesterone Suppositories and Candidiasis Risk
Yes, progesterone suppositories can increase the risk of a yeast infection, or vaginal candidiasis. This is a recognized and frequently reported side effect of using this medication. While clinical incidence rates vary, many patients experience significant vaginal irritation and discharge that may lead to an infection. This increased susceptibility stems from the combined effect of the hormone and the medication’s inactive ingredients, which disrupt the delicate balance of the vaginal environment.
The Biological Mechanism of Increased Vulnerability
The primary driver behind the heightened risk is the elevated level of progesterone, which mimics the hormonal state of pregnancy. Progesterone causes vaginal cells to increase their storage of glycogen, a sugar. This glycogen is shed into the vaginal fluid, providing a rich food source for the Candida albicans fungus to proliferate.
The suppository’s inactive ingredients, known as excipients or the base, also alter the vaginal ecosystem. These oily or waxy carrier substances (such as cocoa butter or semi-synthetic glycerides) are necessary for drug absorption. As the suppository melts and the base is discharged, it creates a moist and potentially less acidic environment.
This change can interfere with the normal function of protective Lactobacillus bacteria, which maintain the vagina’s naturally acidic pH. When the Lactobacillus balance is disrupted, the pH level can rise, creating optimal conditions for Candida overgrowth. The physical residue from the melting base also contributes to localized irritation.
Distinguishing Yeast Infection Symptoms from Expected Side Effects
It can be difficult to determine if a true yeast infection has developed because expected side effects of the suppository mimic infection symptoms. The melting suppository base frequently causes a heavy, white, oily, or waxy discharge, often mistaken for candidiasis. Mild vaginal irritation, burning, and localized itching are also common, benign side effects of the medication.
A true yeast infection is typically characterized by more intense and persistent symptoms. Candidiasis discharge is classically described as thick, white, and clumpy, resembling cottage cheese, and usually lacks the oily consistency of the suppository residue. Furthermore, a yeast infection often causes severe vulvar itching and burning, sometimes accompanied by pain during urination or intercourse.
Reducing Risk and Management Strategies
Patients can minimize their risk of developing candidiasis while using progesterone suppositories. Maintaining meticulous local hygiene is important, including avoiding harsh soaps, douching, and scented feminine products that disrupt the vaginal pH balance. Wearing cotton underwear and loose-fitting clothing helps keep the area dry and breathable, as moisture contributes to yeast overgrowth.
If an infection is suspected, contact a healthcare provider promptly for an accurate diagnosis and treatment plan. They can help distinguish between simple irritation and a true infection. The provider may suggest oral or vaginal antifungal treatments, or approve the concurrent use of an antifungal cream alongside the suppository. If infections become frequent or difficult to manage, the doctor may explore alternative progesterone delivery methods, such as switching to an oral capsule or an intramuscular injection.