The decision to get acrylic nails during pregnancy revolves primarily around minimizing exposure to the chemical components and vapors involved in the application process. While limited evidence suggests that a single, brief exposure is unlikely to cause harm, the main concern for expectant mothers is the inhalation of volatile substances. Taking practical precautions regarding the environment and product selection can help address potential risks, as the safety of the experience largely depends on the specific products used and the quality of the ventilation system in place.
Understanding the Chemical Safety Concerns
Acrylic nails are formed by mixing a liquid monomer with a powdered polymer, a process that releases various volatile organic compounds (VOCs) into the air. The primary chemical of concern in the liquid is often Ethyl Methacrylate (EMA), but some discount salons may illegally use Methyl Methacrylate (MMA). MMA is banned by the FDA for use in nail products due to its potential to cause severe nail damage and adverse reactions. Exposure to MMA, particularly in occupational settings, has been linked to potential increases in miscarriage risk in some studies, underscoring the need to avoid it.
Other chemicals routinely found in nail products include solvents like Toluene, which smooths the polish, and Formaldehyde, which acts as a hardener. While the amount absorbed through the skin or inhaled during a typical manicure is generally considered small, prolonged or high-level exposure is best avoided. High-concentration Acetone is also frequently used for the removal of acrylics, which can cause irritation and strong fumes that may trigger nausea or discomfort. The highest risk of chemical exposure is typically through inhalation of these vapors, especially during the first trimester when the fetus is undergoing major development.
The Importance of Proper Ventilation
Even when safer products are used, inadequate ventilation remains a primary factor contributing to chemical exposure risk in a salon environment. The strong odors characteristic of nail salons are caused by the off-gassing of chemicals, which can be irritating or lead to symptoms like headaches or dizziness. Many building codes now require specialized ventilation systems to address these contaminants.
The most effective system is local source capture ventilation, which uses a fan to pull air contaminants away from the client’s and technician’s breathing zones at the point of chemical application. This system directs the contaminated air to the outdoors, rather than just recirculating it within the room. When choosing a salon, look for stations equipped with these built-in exhaust systems, or select a location that has open doors or windows to ensure a constant supply of fresh air. Minimizing the total time spent in the salon environment also reduces the overall exposure to airborne VOCs.
Practical Considerations for Labor and Delivery
A separate, non-chemical safety concern arises toward the end of pregnancy, particularly regarding hospital readiness for labor and delivery. Hospitals and medical providers often request the removal of any nail polish or artificial nails from at least one finger before delivery or major medical procedures. This request is not related to hygiene but to the functionality of the pulse oximeter, a device used to monitor the patient’s blood oxygen saturation level (SpO2).
The pulse oximeter works by shining light through the fingertip and measuring the amount of light absorbed by the blood’s hemoglobin. The presence of thick, opaque, or dark-colored nail enhancements can interfere with the sensor’s ability to accurately read the oxygen levels. The risk of interference is often enough for medical staff to require clear nails for accurate monitoring. For this reason, it is practical to remove acrylics or polish from at least the index finger well before the due date to prevent potential delays in urgent medical assessment.
Alternative Nail Treatments and Hygiene Practices
For pregnant women who still desire manicured nails, several alternatives offer a reduced chemical exposure profile compared to traditional acrylics. Standard nail polish formulas are now widely available in “free” versions, such as “3-free” or “8-free,” which exclude common chemical concerns like Toluene, Formaldehyde, and Dibutyl Phthalate (DBP). Choosing these cleaner formulas significantly reduces the amount of VOCs released during application.
Press-on nails offer another option, as they are applied using adhesives that typically contain fewer volatile solvents than acrylic monomers. Some gel polishes are also lower in chemical odor, though the curing process requires a UV or LED lamp, which is considered safe for the hands during pregnancy when used briefly. Maintaining high hygiene standards is also important in the salon environment. Bringing one’s own file and tools or ensuring the salon uses properly sterilized equipment can help prevent nicks or cuts that could lead to infection.