Rabies is a serious viral disease that primarily affects the central nervous system of mammals. The virus spreads through the saliva of an infected animal, typically when it bites another animal or a person. Once clinical symptoms emerge, rabies is almost always fatal.
Understanding Rabies in Possums
While any mammal can contract rabies, it is exceptionally rare for opossums to carry the virus. This unusual resistance is attributed to their lower-than-average body temperature, which typically ranges from 94 to 97 degrees Fahrenheit (34.4-36.1°C). This cooler internal environment makes it difficult for the rabies virus to survive and replicate effectively within their bodies.
Opossums also possess a robust immune system that helps them resist diseases and toxins. Their defense mechanism of “playing dead” reduces their likelihood of aggressive encounters and rabies transmission. Although an opossum might appear to be drooling or disoriented, these behaviors are often part of their natural bluffing routine and do not necessarily indicate rabies.
Rabies in Other Wildlife
In contrast to opossums, other wildlife species are primary carriers and transmitters of rabies in North America. Raccoons, skunks, bats, and foxes account for the vast majority of reported rabies cases in wild animals. These animals serve as significant reservoirs for the virus, meaning they maintain and spread it within their populations.
Bats are a particular concern, responsible for a large percentage of human rabies deaths in the United States, even though less than 0.5% of bats carry the virus. Skunks and foxes also pose a high risk if they bite or scratch a person or pet. The prevalence of rabies in these species is linked to their behavior, habitat, and susceptibility to the virus.
Responding to Wildlife Encounters
Encountering a wild animal, especially one behaving unusually, requires caution. Avoid approaching or handling any wild animal, even if it appears docile or sick. If a wild animal bites or scratches you, immediate first aid is crucial to minimize the risk of infection.
Thoroughly wash the wound with soap and water for at least three to five minutes. After cleaning, seek prompt medical attention, as a healthcare provider can assess the need for rabies post-exposure prophylaxis. Contact your local animal control or health authorities to report the incident and provide details about the animal involved, which can aid in public health efforts.