Possums can contract mange, a skin disease caused by microscopic mites that burrow into an animal’s skin. While less common than in other wildlife, this parasitic condition can significantly impact a possum’s health, leading to noticeable physical changes and severe complications.
Understanding Mange in Possums
Mange in possums primarily involves two types: sarcoptic mange and demodectic mange. Sarcoptic mange, caused by the Sarcoptes scabiei mite, is the more prevalent and severe form, with mites burrowing into the skin to feed and lay eggs. Demodectic mange, caused by Demodex mites, is less common in wildlife and typically inhabits hair follicles.
Sarcoptes scabiei is an invasive mite that has spread to native species in Australia. While sarcoptic mange affects over 100 mammalian species globally, mites often exhibit host specificity. Cross-infection can occur, and the disease is considered an emerging threat in Australian wildlife, including possums.
Identifying Symptoms in Possums
Mange in possums presents with specific physical signs. A prominent symptom is hair loss (alopecia), which often begins in patches and can spread across the body. The skin in affected areas may appear thickened, crusty, or scaly, with redness due to irritation.
Intense itching is another common indicator, leading the possum to scratch excessively. This scratching can cause self-inflicted wounds, further damaging the skin. Symptoms frequently manifest around the face, ears, limbs, and tail. A possum suffering from advanced mange may also show signs of general debilitation, such as emaciation or lethargy.
How Mange Affects Possums and Others
Mange can progress rapidly, causing rapid health deterioration in affected possums. Constant scratching and skin damage can lead to secondary bacterial infections, often resulting in foul-smelling crusts and further skin lesions. Extensive hair loss impairs the possum’s ability to regulate its body temperature, making it vulnerable to environmental extremes.
As the disease advances, a possum’s foraging abilities can become compromised due to discomfort and reduced mobility. This often leads to severe weight loss and, if left untreated, can be fatal. Mange mites spread primarily through direct physical contact with an infected animal or through contact with contaminated environments like dens. While mites can survive for several weeks in suitable conditions, transmission to humans or pets from possums is generally a low risk.
Reporting and Assisting Mange-Affected Possums
If you encounter a possum suspected of having mange, do not intervene directly. Handling wild animals is unsafe and may be unlawful without proper authorization. Instead, contact local wildlife rescue organizations, animal control, or a licensed wildlife rehabilitator.
These professionals have the expertise and permissions to safely assess and manage affected animals. They can determine the severity of the condition and provide appropriate medical care. Treatment for mange typically involves antiparasitic medications, such as ivermectin or fluralaner, which kill the mites. Supportive care, including antibiotics for secondary infections, may also be administered to aid in recovery. Early intervention by trained personnel can significantly improve a possum’s chances of survival and recovery.