Encounters with wildlife are common, and possums often raise concerns about diseases like rabies. Understanding the actual risks associated with these marsupials helps people coexist peacefully and respond appropriately.
The Low Risk of Rabies in Possums
While any mammal can contract rabies, it is extremely rare for possums to carry the virus. This rarity is primarily attributed to their lower average body temperature. The rabies virus thrives in warmer environments, making the possum’s typical body temperature of around 94-97°F less hospitable for the virus to survive and reproduce effectively. This physiological characteristic significantly inhibits the virus’s ability to complete its cycle and cause illness in the animal.
Even if a possum is exposed to the rabies virus, its low body temperature means it struggles to incubate and spread throughout their system. This natural resistance makes them an unlikely carrier compared to other wildlife such as bats, raccoons, skunks, and foxes, where rabies cases are more prevalent. Although some reports of rabid possums exist, these instances are uncommon. Their robust immune system also contributes to their ability to resist many diseases and toxins.
Recognizing Atypical Possum Behavior
Possums exhibit behaviors that might be misinterpreted as signs of rabies, but are actually normal defense mechanisms or indicators of other conditions. When threatened, a possum may hiss, growl, bare its teeth, and drool excessively. This open-mouthed, drooling display is a bluff to appear more formidable to predators and is not indicative of rabies. Another well-known defense is “playing possum,” an involuntary comatose-like state where the animal collapses, becomes limp, and appears lifeless, often with an open mouth and hanging tongue. This behavior can last for varying periods and is a strategy to deter predators who prefer live prey.
Observing a possum during daylight hours does not automatically signal rabies; healthy possums, especially mothers foraging for food or those whose shelters have been disturbed, may be active during the day. However, a truly sick possum might display pronounced symptoms such as uncoordinated movements, circling, disorientation, lethargy, or unusual aggression that deviates from their timid nature. Other signs of illness, unrelated to rabies, can include changes in skin or fur like discoloration, sores, or hair loss, as well as labored breathing, diarrhea, or fluids excreted from the eyes and nose.
What to Do If You Encounter a Sick or Aggressive Possum
If you encounter a possum that appears sick, injured, or unusually aggressive, maintaining a safe distance is important. While rabies is rare in these animals, other diseases can be transmitted, and any wild animal may bite if it feels cornered or threatened. If the possum is clearly injured or exhibiting concerning behaviors such as severe lethargy, disorientation, or uncharacteristic boldness, contact your local animal control department or a licensed wildlife rehabilitator. They possess the training and equipment to handle the situation safely and appropriately.
In the rare event of a possum bite or scratch, it is important to clean the wound immediately and thoroughly with soap and water. Apply an antiseptic to the area. Although the risk of rabies is very low, it is still advisable to seek medical attention, especially if the wound is deep, continues to bleed, or shows signs of infection like inflammation or swelling. Report the incident to local health authorities, as they can provide guidance on any further steps, including the need for a tetanus shot or antibiotics for potential bacterial infections.