Many people regularly experience a “popping” sound from their neck. This common phenomenon often raises questions about its safety, particularly regarding serious health complications like a stroke. This article clarifies what happens when your neck pops and when it might be a cause for concern, exploring the science and potential, albeit rare, risks.
The Science of Neck Popping
The popping or cracking sound heard during neck movements originates from the facet joints in your spine. These joints are surrounded by a capsule containing synovial fluid, which holds dissolved gases. When the joint capsule is stretched quickly, the sudden decrease in pressure causes these dissolved gases to rapidly form tiny bubbles within the fluid.
The sound, known as cavitation, is produced when these gas bubbles rapidly form or collapse. This process is similar to how a suction cup makes a sound when pulled from a surface. This sound indicates a pressure change within the joint, not bones grinding together.
Understanding Vertebral Artery Dissection
While neck popping is generally harmless, forceful or sudden neck movements, whether self-induced or part of a manipulation, can in very rare instances pose a risk to the vertebral arteries. These arteries are located in the neck and supply blood to the brain. A serious, yet uncommon, event known as vertebral artery dissection (VAD) can occur if the inner lining of one of these arteries tears.
When a tear happens, blood can enter the arterial wall, forming a blood clot. This clot can then block the artery or, if pieces break off, travel to the brain. If a clot reaches the brain and blocks blood flow, it can result in an ischemic stroke. Vertebral artery dissection is a significant cause of stroke in younger and middle-aged adults, though its overall incidence remains low. The risk of this complication following neck manipulation is estimated to be very rare, potentially as low as 1 in 20,000 manipulations.
Recognizing Warning Signs
Awareness of symptoms after neck movements, including self-popping, is important. Immediate or delayed signs that could suggest a vertebral artery dissection or a stroke include a sudden, severe headache, often different from typical headaches, or acute neck pain, particularly localized to the back of the head and neck.
Other neurological symptoms include dizziness, vertigo (a sensation of spinning), or double vision. Difficulty speaking, slurred speech, or trouble understanding others are also concerning. Any new numbness, tingling, weakness on one side of the body, or problems with balance and coordination, should prompt urgent medical consultation.
When to Seek Professional Advice
If you experience any concerning symptoms, such as persistent neck pain, new headaches, or neurological changes like dizziness or weakness after neck movements, consult a healthcare professional immediately. These symptoms could indicate an underlying issue requiring prompt diagnosis and management. Individuals with certain pre-existing conditions, such as connective tissue disorders or vascular risk factors, may have increased susceptibility to arterial dissections and should exercise particular caution.
Avoid forceful self-manipulation of the neck, as this can place undue stress on cervical structures. While professional chiropractic adjustments can be beneficial for some, patients should always discuss any concerns about neck health and potential risks with their practitioner. A healthcare provider can provide guidance on safe practices and determine if any medical intervention is necessary.